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Micro > CH33 > Flashcards

CH33 Flashcards

1
Q

describe non specific and specific resistance

A

nonspecific (innate defenses)

  • doesn’t involve recognition of a specific parasite/pathogen
  • no memory
  • ex: fever

specific resistance (immunity)

  • involves recognition of a specific parasite
  • memory
  • ex: vaccine
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2
Q

adaptive defenses

A

immunity

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3
Q

external and internal physical/chemical barriers

A

external

  • skin
  • mucous membrane
  • chemicals secreted (lysozyme, HCl, bile)
  • cilia
  • sneezing

internal

  • physiological responses
  • cellular mediators
  • soluble factors
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4
Q

example of physiological responses

A

inflammation and fever

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5
Q
  • chemicals released by damaged tissue
  • increased blood flow (vasodilation)
  • increased permeability (phagocytic cells to area)
  • confinement- blood clots
  • pus
  • tissue repair
A

inflammation

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6
Q

what causes a fever?

A
  • body temp raises above 37 degrees C in response to pyrogens
  • increased metabolic rates and heat production induced by pyrogens
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7
Q

phagocytic cell are

A

pyrogens

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8
Q

how is a fever beneficial to the host?

A
  • increased phagocytic activity
  • inflammation and immune response stimulated
  • slows growth,especially stenothermal MOs
  • iron immobilization (starving mo from iron)
    • most significant
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9
Q

cells that contribute to innate responses

A
  • neutrophil
  • macrophage
  • dendritic cell
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10
Q

monocytes produce

A

-macrophages and dendritic cells

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11
Q

natural killer cells are ______ and their role is to ____

A
  • lymphocytes (non specific)

- kill tumor cells and viruses

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12
Q

how does a NK cell kill other cells

A

if cell is missing MHC class 1 molecule then the NK cells will produce perforin (makes holes) and granzymes (trigger suicide response

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13
Q

first line of defense for cancer

A

NK cells

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14
Q
  • highly phagocytic
  • originate in bone marrow, move to infected area
  • short life span (3 days)
  • important defense
A

neutrophils

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15
Q
  • phagocytic
  • develop from monocytes (blood)
  • take longer to get to infection site
  • can survive for months
  • present antigens to lymphocytes (specific resistance)
A

macrophages and dendritic cells

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16
Q

describe phagosytosis

A
  • phagocyte must have recognition that bacteria is there, sends chemical signal
  • phagocyte attaches to bacteria
  • if attachment occurs then mo is taken into cell, phagosome fuses to lysosome which will help digest/kill mo
  • digestion occurs in phagolysosome
  • phagocyte will get rid of left over mo (debris) and keep the nutrients
  • surface markers will have antigen that forms the antigen presenting cell that will help with future immune responses to that same mo
17
Q
  • small proteins
  • some produced in response to viral infection
  • interfere with virus replication in neighboring cells
  • not virus specific
A

interferons

18
Q

interferons are innate responses bc

A

no memory and not virus specific

19
Q

describe how interferons work

A
  • virus infects cell and signal is sent to cell nucleus, viral replication activates host cell gene of interferon
  • interferon is synthesized and released into neighboring tissue, that cell is destroyed
  • interferon binds to surface of neighboring cell, signal is sent to that cells nucleus
  • cell is stimulated to produce antiviral protein
  • antiviral proteins block viral replication
20
Q

~30 large interacting proteins (cascade produced by liver, circulate inactive form)

  • stimulate inflammatory response
  • enhances phagocytosis (binds to mo, aids in adhesion)
  • lyse mo’s and enveloped viruses
A

complement defense

21
Q

how do complement defenses lyse mo’s and enveloped viruses

A
  • form membrane attack complexes (MAC)
    • can destroy G- or enveloped cells
  • form pore in membrane, lysozyme can get thru
22
Q

aid in adhesion

A

opsonization

23
Q

phagocytic cell with antibody and Fc receptor

  • degree of binding
  • opsonin
A
  • +

- antibody

24
Q

phagocytic cell with C3b and Cb3 receptor

  • degree of binding
  • opsonin
A
  • ++

- complement C3b

25
Q

phagocytic cell with antibody, Fc receptor and C3b and Cb3 receptor

  • degree of binding
  • opsonin
A
  • ++++ (really good attachment)

- antibody and complement C3b

Micro (15 decks)

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