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Micro > CH10&11 > Flashcards

CH10&11 Flashcards

1
Q

CO2 principle carbon source (in air)

A

autotrophs

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2
Q

CO2 from reduced/pre-formed organic molecules (other living things)

A

heterotrophs

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3
Q

carbon source trophs

A

autotrophs and heterotrophs

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4
Q

energy source trophs

A

phototrophs and chemotrophs

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5
Q

energy source from light

A

phototrophs

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6
Q

energy source from oxidizing organic/inorganic compounds

A

chemotrophs

ex: us

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7
Q

electron/H+ source trophs

A

lithotrophs and organotrophs

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8
Q

electron/H+ source from reduced inorganic compounds

A

lithotrophs

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9
Q

electron/H+ source from organic compounds

A

organotrophs

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10
Q

example of photolitoautotroph

A

photosynthetic bacteria, algae, plants

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11
Q

example of photoorganoheterotroph

A

purple and green non-sulfur bacteria

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12
Q

example of chemolithoautotroph

A

iron, sulfur, hydrogen, and nitrifying bacteria

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13
Q

example of chemoorganoheterotroph

A

protozoans, fungi, animals

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14
Q

aerobic respiration equation with donor and acceptors

A

NAD(P)+ + H+ —–> NAD(P)H (donnor)
or
FAD + 2H+ + 2e- ——> FADH2 (donnor)

1/2 O2 (acceptor) + 2H+ + 2e- —-> H2O

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15
Q

anaerobic respiration equation with donor and acceptors

A

NAD(P)+ + H+ —–> NAD(P)H (donnor)
or
FAD + 2H+ + 2e- ——> FADH2 (donnor)

sulfate SO4^2- (acceptor)
or
NO3- (acceptor) + 2H+ +2e- ——-> NO2- + H2O

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16
Q

fermenation (anaerobic respiration) equation with donor and acceptors

A

NAD(P)+ + H+ —–> NAD(P)H (donnor)

Acetaldehyde (acceptor) + 2H+ + 2e- —–> ethanol
or
Pyruvate (acceptor) + 2H+ + 2e- —–> lactate^2-

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17
Q

chemolithotrophy equation with donor and acceptors

A

NO^3- + 2H+ +2e- ——-> NO2- (donnor) + H2O
or
NO^2- + 8H+ +6e- ——-> NH4+ (donnor) + 2H2O

1/2 O2 (acceptor) + 2H+ + 2e- —-> H2O

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18
Q

series of sequential oxidation/reduction rxns

A

electron transport chain

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19
Q

location of electron transport chain in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

eukaryotes- mitochondria

prokaryotes- plasma membrane

20
Q

terminal electron acceptors in aerobic and anaerobic

A

aerobic: O2
anaerobic: nitrate, sulfate, archaea use CO2

21
Q

energy from the electron transport chain oxidation generates a proton motive force from

A

H+ [ ] gradient/ charge difference across membrane

22
Q

outside vs inside charge difference in electron transport chain

A

outside: H+
inside: -

23
Q

what does the ETC allow

A

ATP synthase of protons back inside across membrane

24
Q

How does the ETC work in bacteria

A
  • electron donnors give off 2 e- tht go into the
    ETC
    -H+ are pumped by ETC from the inside to the outside of the plasma membrane
    -the 2 e- are passed thru the ETC and given to the electron acceptor
    -the proton motive force allows the H+ to get pumped back thru membrane and thru ATPase that converts ADP + Pi —-> ATP + H2O
25
Q

in bacteria the proton motive force (PMF) is used for:

A
  • synthesis of ATP- protons move thru ATPase
  • motility- protons move thru channel in basal of flagella causing it to spin
  • active transport- uptake of nutrients against a [ ] gradient
26
Q

describe gylcolysis

A
  • as glucose to being converted to 2 pyruvate:
    • 2 ATP are converted to 4 ATP (2 generated)
      • substrate level phosphorylation
    • 2NAD+ to reduced to 2NADH
      • the 2NADH go into ETC produces 5 ATP (oxidative phosphorylation) and 1/2 O2 is converted to 2 H2O in ETC

7 ATP generated

27
Q

describe pyruvate oxidation

A

2 pyruvate produce 2 Acetyl-CoA

5 ATP produced (oxidative phosphorylation)

28
Q

describe the TCA cycle

A 
oxidative phosphorylation (NADH)  15ATP
oxidative phosphorylation (FADH) 3
substrate level phosphorylation (GTP) 2

total 20

29
Q

total aerobic ATP yield

A

32 ATP

30
Q

fermentation donnor and acceptor

A

donnor-FADH

acceptor- acetaldehyde, pyruvate

31
Q
  • generate NADH+
  • low energy yield (substrate level phosphorylation, no ETC or PMF)
  • toxic end product
A

fermentation

32
Q

of ATPs produced in fermentation

A

2 ATP

33
Q

what happens if no O2 in fermentation

A

glycolysis backs up from the back up of NAD+

34
Q

nitrifying bacteria

A

Nitrosomonas or Nitrobacter

35
Q

what is NH4+ and 1 1/2 O2 in Nitrosomonas sp. reduced to

A

NO2 and H2O

36
Q

what is NO2- in Nitrobacter sp. reduced to

A

NO3-

37
Q

importance of terrestrial habitats for nitrifying bacteria

A
  • plants use of NO2-

- plants don’t take up as quickly

38
Q

why is it bad if plants cannot take up all the NO2- in soil and it seeps into water sources?

A
  • it may seep into streams, algae can grow from it
  • once algae dies, bacteria oxidize the algae causing fish to die from the lack of O2 in the water

-infants/children cannot drink water with Nitrite bc it can cause blue baby syndrome bc Nitrate binds to hemoglobin

39
Q

why wont NH4+ wash out of soil?

A

bc the soil is -, so it will hold the + NH4+

40
Q

most to least energy yield with their e- carries

A 
most
-aerobic- O2
-anaerobic- NO3-, SO4^2-, CO2
-chemolithotrophy- O2, SO4^2-, NO3-
-fermentation- pyruvate acid
least
41
Q

sulfur oxidizing bacteria

A

Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidan

42
Q

acid mine drainage is from the bacteria called

A

Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidan

43
Q

advantage of acid mine drainage

A

used for bio mining- slow process

44
Q
  • reduced inorganic compounds are e- donors
  • O2 is usually acceptor
  • prokaryotic
  • low energy yield- oxidize large quantities of nutrients
A

chemolithotrophy

45
Q

organic electron donors for chemoorganotrophy

A 
-aerobic- O2
     \+++ ETC
-anaerobic- NO3-, SO4^2-, CO2
     \++ ETC
-fermentation- pyruvate acid (endogenous organic e- acceptor)
     \+ ETC
46
Q

inorganic electron donors for chemoorganotrophy

A

-chemolithotrophy- O2, SO4^2-, NO3-

+ ETC

Micro (15 decks)

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