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Abdomen > ch7 liver pathology > Flashcards

ch7 liver pathology Flashcards

1
Q

The liver is the ___ most commonly injured abdominal organ after the spleen and the kidney. The ___ lobe is affected most often than the ____

A

3rd
Right
Left

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2
Q

hepatic tumors are classified either ____ or ____

A

Benign
malignant

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3
Q

a ____ tumor grows locally and does not ever invade the surrounding liver parenchyma, vessels or other organs

A

benign

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4
Q

A ____ tumor tends too spread to invade other organs or structures via the blood stream and lymph nodes

A

malignant

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5
Q

the most common bening liver tumor is ____ ______

A

cavernous hemangioma

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6
Q

Cavernous Hemangioma is more common in ____ and on the ____ lobe

A

women
Right

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7
Q

the most rare , benign tumor and second most common benign liver mass is ____ _____ _____

A

Focal Nodular Hyperplasia(FNH)

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8
Q

liver cell ___ is an increase incident in patients using oral contraception , men using steroids , patients with type 1 glycogen storage disease

A

Adenoma

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9
Q

a hepatic____ is a rare , usually asymptomatic , being fat tumor - no malignancy potential

A

Lipoma

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10
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the ____ most common cancer worldwide.Most common after age ___ and ___ are about three times more likely than ____

A

5th
60
men
women

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11
Q

The most common liver malignancy is liver _____

A

metastases

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12
Q

hepatocellular disease cause the blood pressure in the hepatic circulation to increased leads the development of ____ _____

A

Portal Hypertension

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13
Q

development of increased pressure in the porta-splenic venous system is the cause of _____ portal hypertension

A

Extrahepatic

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14
Q

With portal venous hypertension in an effort to relive the pressure ____ veins are formed that connect the systemic veins . These are known as ____ veins and occur most frequently in the areas of the esophagus, stomach and rectum. Rupture of these veins can cause massive bleeding that may result in death

A

collateral
varicose

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15
Q

Budd-Chiari syndrome may be primary or secondary. With primary it is due to segmental___ of hepatic portion of IVC

A

obstruction

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16
Q

A liver ____ is a fluid filled area with epithelial lining. Its usually asymptomatic and not palpable

A

cyst

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17
Q

A liver cyst is more common in ___ and more common in the ____ lobe. The average size is ___cm and occurs in 17 out of 10,000 patients

A

Females
Right
3

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18
Q

hepatic cysts are classifies as____ or ____

A

Congenital
acquired

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19
Q

cellular ____ _____ disease affects the hepatocytes and interferes with liver function

A

diffuse hepatocellular

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20
Q

The ___ is parenchymal liver cell that performs all the functions ascribed to the liver

A

hepatocyte

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21
Q

diffuse hepatocellular disease commonly increase normal echo____ and often affects livers size

A

density

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22
Q

Using ____, quantitive estimates of the severity of parenchymal damage can be measured

A

elastography

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23
Q

_____ ____ is an increased accumulation of lipids within liver cells. Its secondary to liver cell injury of systemic disorders. Its a reversible disorder and a benign condition

A

fatty Infliltation

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24
Q

The 2 most common caused of fatty infiltration are ____ and ____ ____

A

obesity
alcohol abuse

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25
Q

Fatty infiltration lab test reveals elevated level or A___ and A____ liver enzymes

A

AST
ALT

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26
Q

Fatty ____ is an acquires___ disorder of metabolism, resulting in an accumulation of triglycerides within the hepatocytes

A

liver
reversible

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27
Q

Normal measurement for portal vein is ___mm and for splenic vein ___mm

A

13mm
10mm

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28
Q

____ cirrhosis on ultrasound appears as fatty infiltration with difficulty in penetrating and hepatomegaly

A

early

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29
Q

____ cirrhosis on ultrasound has a coarse granular texture, liver atrophic irregular contour( nodular) and caudate lobe enlargement

A

Late

30
Q

Risk or hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma) is increase in patients with ____ cirrhosis

A

alcoholic

31
Q

advanced cirrhosis results in vascular damage with resulting portal____ and progressive liver _____

A

Hypertension
failure

32
Q

The most common cause of liver cirrhosis is _____

A

Alcohol

33
Q

as cirrhosis disease progresses it becomes____ ( liver atrophy)

A

micronodular

34
Q

_____ is a chronic , irreversible diffuse liver disease in which the liver parenchyma tissue is destroyed causing abnormal lobule architecture ( replaced by fibrosis and abdnormal nodules)

A

cirrhosis

35
Q

On ultrasound_____ hepatitis the liver echo pattern may be coarse , the echogenecity may be increased and the portal vein walls may be _____ in echogenecity comparison to the liver

A

Chronic
decrease

36
Q

On ultrasound _____ hepatitis the liver may appear normal, the echogenecity may be decreased. There. is accentuation of portal vein walls ( peri- portal cuffing) the liver may be enlarged and tender and the GB wall may be thickened

A

Acute

37
Q

Patients with ____ and ____hepatitis may initially have ____ symptoms and gastrointestinal symptoms, including a loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and fatigue

A

Acute
Chronic
flulike

38
Q

Viral hepatitis may be_____ with secondary acute hepatitis necrosis or chronic hepatitis which may lead to portal hypertension cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

A

Fatal

39
Q

In the United States approximately ____% of acute viral hepatitis is type B ___% is type A and ____% is other types

A

60%
20%
20%

40
Q

Hepatitis ___ and ____ is the most severe form of hepatitis, transmitted through body fluid( blood included) , risk of developing portal hypertension cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)

A

B and C

41
Q

Hepatitis ___ is highly contagious liver infection transmitted feco-oral

A

A

42
Q

Hepatitis is caused by the hepatitis ____-____ virus. Hepatitis___,___and ___ are rare

A

A-F
D,E and F

43
Q

____ is the general name for an inflammatory and infectious disease of the liver. The key cause are reactions of viruses or toxins such as drugs or alcohol

A

Hepatitis

44
Q

There are six categories of glycogen storage the most common type is von____

A

Gierke’s

45
Q

____ ____ disease is an inherited disease characterized by the abnormal storage and accumulation of glycogen in the tissue, especially the liver and kindeys

A

Glycogen storage

46
Q

_____ is defined as an enlarged liver beyond normal size 16cm….17cm top normal

A

hepatomegaly

47
Q

Focal fatty sparing most common location is medial segment of the LLL____ to port hepatis

A

anterior

48
Q

____ ____ ____ is when an area of the liver parenchymal tissue is spared. Its common in medial segments of the LLL near the port hepatic

A

Focal
Fatty
Sparing

49
Q

fatty ____ implies increased lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes and is the result of major injury to the _____ of systemic disorder leading to impaired or excessive metabolism of fat

A

infiltration
liver

50
Q

____ Carinii is a bacteria which causes a common life threatening infection in patients with HIV, usually pneumonia

A

Pneumocystis

51
Q

On ultrasound hepatic candidiasis shows the ____ or ___ sign

A

Target
Bulls-eye

52
Q

hepatic____ cause: species of Candida albicans. Most commonly seen in immunocompromised patients and has no signs/ symptoms

A

Candidiasis

53
Q

_____ carinii is the most common organism that causes an opportunistic infection in patients who are immunocompromised

A

Pneumocystis

54
Q

an _____ abscess is an abscess caused by amoebas via portal vein . Itscontracted by ingestion of ameba in food or water. Ameba secretes substances food or water. Ameba secretes substances that liquefy hepatic tissue. without treatment ___ 100%

A

amoebic
mortality

54
Q

Inflammatory disease the liver is a ____ forming mass within the liver usually due to bacterial or parasitic infection. Lab values. that show this is an elevated ____ cell count

A

Pus
white

55
Q

A____ abscess is an abscess caused by bacterial invasion of the liver

A

Pyogenic

56
Q

____ cyst is also known as hydatid disease cysts are found 50% of Time in the liver

A

Echinococcal

56
Q

____ cystic disease is caused by Taenia Echinococcus or Echinococcus granulosus parasitic tapeworm . It is an infections cystic disease common in sheep_ herding areas of the world. It can infect other organs such as lungs, kidney and brain

A

Hydatid

56
Q

with a simple cyst the ___ lobe is affected twice as often as the ___ lobe

A

Right
left

57
Q

_____ hepatic cyst on ultrasound shows smooth, uniform boarders and no internal echoes or separations echoes ( anechoic)

A

Simple

58
Q

_____ cyst are usually asymptomatic they are usually discovered incidentally in 1% patients < 60 years old but 3-7% in older patients solitary lesions more common than multiple cysts

A

simple

59
Q

A____ cyst is a true hepatic cyst, Its categorized as a simple cyst or related to hereditary disorder such as polycystic liver disease

A

congenital

60
Q

a____ cyst lesion can result from trauma , parasites or inflammatory reactions

A

Acquired

61
Q

____ liver disease is inherited in an autosomal domaint pattern that affects 1 in 500 people. 60% cases are associated polycistic renal disease. Cysts are usually small, less than 2-3cm and are multiple throughout the liver parenchymal

A

polycystic

62
Q

with polycystic liver disease___ provides definitive proof

A

biopsy

63
Q

diffuse disease is measured through the series of liver ____ _____

A

function tests

64
Q
A
65
Q

The hepatic ____ levels are elevated with cell necrosis

A

enzyme

66
Q

focal sparing on ultrasound appears as an ___ shaped hypoechoic area

A

odd

67
Q

with cirrhosis the parenchymal distortion may alter or compress biliary and vascular channels leading to ____ and portal ____

A

jaundice
hypertension

68
Q
A

Abdomen (4 decks)

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