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Abdomen > Pancreas anatomy > Flashcards

Pancreas anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The pancreas is a ____ organ and its located posterior to the ____ sac

A

retroperitoneal
lesser

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2
Q

The pancreas is non-______ and extends horizontally between the c-loop of the ____ and the ____ hilum

A

nonENCAPSULATED
duodenum
splenic

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3
Q

the pancreas is in the _____ region ( solar plexus) and left _____ region

A

epigastric
hypochondrium

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4
Q

The pancreas is ___ than ____

A

wider
tall

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5
Q

the pancreas is about ___-____ cm in the adult

A

10-15

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6
Q

the pancreas can be described as a tadpole, ____ , sausage , _____ or boomerang shape

A

dumbell
comma

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7
Q

the pancreas has four segments the
___ , ____ ,_____ and _____

A

head
neck
body
tail

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8
Q

the pancreas is a _____ organ within the _____ para renal space

A

retroperitoneal
anterior

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9
Q

____ cells secrete digestive enzymes

A

Acini

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10
Q

with acini cells the digestive enzymes secretion is carried out by a smaller ducts merge into increasingly larger duct and empty into main ____ ____

A

pancreatic duct

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11
Q

pancreatic duct is AKA ____ of _____

A

duct of wirsung

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12
Q

duct of wirsung, extending the entire length of glands, enters the medial second part of the duodenum with the ___ ___ ___ at the ampulla of Vader ( guarded by the sphincter of oddi), diameter should be no more than _mm

A

common bile duct
2mm

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13
Q

the accessory duct is also called duct of ____

A

duct of SANTORINI

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14
Q

the accessory duct ( duct of Santorini) branches from the main___ ___ and perforates into the duodenum separately from ampulla

A

pancreatic duct

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15
Q

islets of ____-____ cells are cluster that contain various types of cells that release hormones directly into the bloodstream and lymph system

A

islets of LANGERHANS-ENDOCRINE

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16
Q

islets of langerhans-endocrine cells allows hormones to be ___ throughout the body to ___ other organs or functional tissues

A

distributed
stimulate

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17
Q

the ___ of the pancreas is located medial to the C-loop of duodenum, anterior to the IVC and inferior to the caudate liver lobe

A

head

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18
Q

the ____ of the pancreas is directly anterior to SMV or portal-splenic confluence

A

neck

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19
Q

the ____ of the pancreas is located posterior to portions of the stomach, duodenum, and left liver lobe. Anterior to aorta , SMA,left renal vein and splenic vein. its the largest part of pancreas in length

A

body

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20
Q

the ____ of the pancreas begins at left lateral boarder of vertebral body and extends to area of splenic hilum. its anterior and medial to left kidney, posterior to stomach and medial to spleen

A

tail

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21
Q

the pancreas HEAD is ___cm or less AP

A

3.5cm

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22
Q

the pancreas NECK is __-__ cm or less AP

A

1.0- 2.0cm

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23
Q

the pancreas BODY is ____cm or less AP

A

2.5cm

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24
Q

the pancreas tail is ____cm or less

A

2.5cm

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25
Q

the ___ ____ ____ extends from tail through head joins with CBD at ampulla of later

A

main pancreatic duct
or
duct of wirsung

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26
Q

the mean diameter for duct or wirsung ( pancreatic duct) is __mm head and __mm body

A

3mm
2mm

27
Q

the duct of Santorini ( accessory pancreatic duct)
is located in the ____ of the pancreas

A

head

28
Q

the _____ artery anterior and inferior arteries supply the head and part of the duodenum

A

pancreaticduodenal

29
Q

the ____ artery supplies body and tail through 4 smaller branches

A

splenic

30
Q

the pancreas is supplied by blood from the ____ ___ and the ____

A

celiac trunk
SMA

31
Q

the functions of the pancreas are ____ and ____

A

exocrine
endocrine

32
Q

_____ secretes enzymes into a duct

A

exocrine

33
Q

acinar cells secrete ____ enzymes

A

digestive

34
Q

lipase breaks down ____

A

Fats

35
Q

trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen - preproteolyic enzymes that break down ___ to ___ ___

A

proteins
amino acids

36
Q

amylase breaks down complex _____

A

carbohydrates

37
Q

pancreas can secrete up to ____mL of pancreatic fluid per day

A

1500

38
Q

another composed of pancreatic enzymes is an alkaline substance _____. neutralizes acidic gastric enzymes and triggers action of otherwise insert pancreatic enzymes in duodenum

A

bicarbonate

39
Q

_____ hormones secreted into blood or tissues

A

endocrine

40
Q

endocrine occurs in the __ cells from the ___ of _____ secrete hormones

A

islet
islets of langerhans

41
Q

alpha cells secrete ____

A

glucagon

42
Q

beta cells secrete ____

A

insulin

43
Q

delta cells secrete _____

A

somatostatin

44
Q

if sufficient insulin is produces ____ mellitus is the result

A

diabetes

45
Q

_____ 2x normal level indicates acute pancreatitis

A

amylase

46
Q

elevated ____ may indicate acute pancreatitis or pancreatic carcinoma

A

lipase

47
Q

total ___ ____ values are increase when pancreatic head obstructing the CBD

A

serum bilirubin

48
Q

elevated ___ and ____ is commonly seen with pancreatic head carcinoma and pancreatitis

A

bilirubin
liver function test (LFT’s)

49
Q

elevated or decreased _____ may indicate glucose metabolic disorder

A

glucose

50
Q

___ ___ is hereditary and is increased secretion of mucous by exocrine glands.
secretions block ducts and delivers of digestive enzymes to intestines

A

cystic fibrosis

51
Q

____ ____ results from failure of fusion of dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds during embryologic development.

A

pancreas divisum

52
Q

the most common congenital anomaly is ____ ____ , occurring in approximately 5-10% of population

A

pancreas divisum

53
Q

____ ____ is a congenital anomaly where the head and uncinate process wrap around the duodenum. it can cause an obstruction and has been associated with complete or partial atresia of the duodenum

A

annular pancreas

54
Q

annular pancreas is more common in ____

A

men

55
Q

____ ____ ___ is when pancreatic tissue grows in other organs, it usually occurs in walls of stomach, duodenum, large or small intestine. it is a congenital anomaly

A

ectopic pancreatic tissue

56
Q

____ ___ are caused by ductal obstruction and are normally seen in patients with a adult polycystic kidney disease

A

pancreatic cysts

57
Q

some common indications for a pancreas exam are
- ____ pain
- _____ pain
- _____ distention
-______

A

epigastric pain
abdominal pain
abdominal distention
jaundice

58
Q

a normal pancreas on ultrasound is homo_____, mid to medium grey echoes, equal or more ____ than the liver, ____ contours

A

homoGENEOUS
echogenic
smooth

59
Q

the pancreas becomes more ____ with age so its_____ in children and ____ in the elderly

A

echogenic
hypo echoic
hyper echoic

60
Q

the ___ is seen in the posterior grove of the head as round anechoic

A

CBD

61
Q

the echogenecity if the pancreas also depends on the patients body ___

A

habitus

61
Q

the ___ is seen in the anterior grove of the head as round anechoic

A

GDA

62
Q

when scanning the pancreas you can use the ___ lobe of liver as acoustic window or have the patient drink 32ml to 300 ml of water through a straw and you can use the fluid filled __ as acoustic window

A

left
stomach

63
Q

the diagnostic tests used for the pancreas are __, ____ and ____

A

CT
MRI
ERCP

Abdomen (7 decks)

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