Pancreas anatomy Flashcards
The pancreas is a ____ organ and its located posterior to the ____ sac
retroperitoneal
lesser
The pancreas is non-______ and extends horizontally between the c-loop of the ____ and the ____ hilum
nonENCAPSULATED
duodenum
splenic
the pancreas is in the _____ region ( solar plexus) and left _____ region
epigastric
hypochondrium
The pancreas is ___ than ____
wider
tall
the pancreas is about ___-____ cm in the adult
10-15
the pancreas can be described as a tadpole, ____ , sausage , _____ or boomerang shape
dumbell
comma
the pancreas has four segments the
___ , ____ ,_____ and _____
head
neck
body
tail
the pancreas is a _____ organ within the _____ para renal space
retroperitoneal
anterior
____ cells secrete digestive enzymes
Acini
with acini cells the digestive enzymes secretion is carried out by a smaller ducts merge into increasingly larger duct and empty into main ____ ____
pancreatic duct
pancreatic duct is AKA ____ of _____
duct of wirsung
duct of wirsung, extending the entire length of glands, enters the medial second part of the duodenum with the ___ ___ ___ at the ampulla of Vader ( guarded by the sphincter of oddi), diameter should be no more than _mm
common bile duct
2mm
the accessory duct is also called duct of ____
duct of SANTORINI
the accessory duct ( duct of Santorini) branches from the main___ ___ and perforates into the duodenum separately from ampulla
pancreatic duct
islets of ____-____ cells are cluster that contain various types of cells that release hormones directly into the bloodstream and lymph system
islets of LANGERHANS-ENDOCRINE
islets of langerhans-endocrine cells allows hormones to be ___ throughout the body to ___ other organs or functional tissues
distributed
stimulate
the ___ of the pancreas is located medial to the C-loop of duodenum, anterior to the IVC and inferior to the caudate liver lobe
head
the ____ of the pancreas is directly anterior to SMV or portal-splenic confluence
neck
the ____ of the pancreas is located posterior to portions of the stomach, duodenum, and left liver lobe. Anterior to aorta , SMA,left renal vein and splenic vein. its the largest part of pancreas in length
body
the ____ of the pancreas begins at left lateral boarder of vertebral body and extends to area of splenic hilum. its anterior and medial to left kidney, posterior to stomach and medial to spleen
tail
the pancreas HEAD is ___cm or less AP
3.5cm
the pancreas NECK is __-__ cm or less AP
1.0- 2.0cm
the pancreas BODY is ____cm or less AP
2.5cm
the pancreas tail is ____cm or less
2.5cm
the ___ ____ ____ extends from tail through head joins with CBD at ampulla of later
main pancreatic duct
or
duct of wirsung
the mean diameter for duct or wirsung ( pancreatic duct) is __mm head and __mm body
3mm
2mm
the duct of Santorini ( accessory pancreatic duct)
is located in the ____ of the pancreas
head
the _____ artery anterior and inferior arteries supply the head and part of the duodenum
pancreaticduodenal
the ____ artery supplies body and tail through 4 smaller branches
splenic
the pancreas is supplied by blood from the ____ ___ and the ____
celiac trunk
SMA
the functions of the pancreas are ____ and ____
exocrine
endocrine
_____ secretes enzymes into a duct
exocrine
acinar cells secrete ____ enzymes
digestive
lipase breaks down ____
Fats
trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen - preproteolyic enzymes that break down ___ to ___ ___
proteins
amino acids
amylase breaks down complex _____
carbohydrates
pancreas can secrete up to ____mL of pancreatic fluid per day
1500
another composed of pancreatic enzymes is an alkaline substance _____. neutralizes acidic gastric enzymes and triggers action of otherwise insert pancreatic enzymes in duodenum
bicarbonate
_____ hormones secreted into blood or tissues
endocrine
endocrine occurs in the __ cells from the ___ of _____ secrete hormones
islet
islets of langerhans
alpha cells secrete ____
glucagon
beta cells secrete ____
insulin
delta cells secrete _____
somatostatin
if sufficient insulin is produces ____ mellitus is the result
diabetes
_____ 2x normal level indicates acute pancreatitis
amylase
elevated ____ may indicate acute pancreatitis or pancreatic carcinoma
lipase
total ___ ____ values are increase when pancreatic head obstructing the CBD
serum bilirubin
elevated ___ and ____ is commonly seen with pancreatic head carcinoma and pancreatitis
bilirubin
liver function test (LFT’s)
elevated or decreased _____ may indicate glucose metabolic disorder
glucose
___ ___ is hereditary and is increased secretion of mucous by exocrine glands.
secretions block ducts and delivers of digestive enzymes to intestines
cystic fibrosis
____ ____ results from failure of fusion of dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds during embryologic development.
pancreas divisum
the most common congenital anomaly is ____ ____ , occurring in approximately 5-10% of population
pancreas divisum
____ ____ is a congenital anomaly where the head and uncinate process wrap around the duodenum. it can cause an obstruction and has been associated with complete or partial atresia of the duodenum
annular pancreas
annular pancreas is more common in ____
men
____ ____ ___ is when pancreatic tissue grows in other organs, it usually occurs in walls of stomach, duodenum, large or small intestine. it is a congenital anomaly
ectopic pancreatic tissue
____ ___ are caused by ductal obstruction and are normally seen in patients with a adult polycystic kidney disease
pancreatic cysts
some common indications for a pancreas exam are
- ____ pain
- _____ pain
- _____ distention
-______
epigastric pain
abdominal pain
abdominal distention
jaundice
a normal pancreas on ultrasound is homo_____, mid to medium grey echoes, equal or more ____ than the liver, ____ contours
homoGENEOUS
echogenic
smooth
the pancreas becomes more ____ with age so its_____ in children and ____ in the elderly
echogenic
hypo echoic
hyper echoic
the ___ is seen in the posterior grove of the head as round anechoic
CBD
the echogenecity if the pancreas also depends on the patients body ___
habitus
the ___ is seen in the anterior grove of the head as round anechoic
GDA
when scanning the pancreas you can use the ___ lobe of liver as acoustic window or have the patient drink 32ml to 300 ml of water through a straw and you can use the fluid filled __ as acoustic window
left
stomach
the diagnostic tests used for the pancreas are __, ____ and ____
CT
MRI
ERCP
