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Abdomen > pathology of the pancreas > Flashcards

pathology of the pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

the most common causes of acute pancreatitis is ___ tract disease and excessive ___ ____

A

Billiary
alcohol intake

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2
Q

____ ___ is acute inflammation of the pancreas

A

acute pancreatitis

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3
Q

with acute pancreatitis there is elevated
- blood and urine ______
- blood _____
- ___ count
- ______

A

amylase
lipase
WBC
bilirubin

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4
Q

in acute pancreatitis blood and urinary amylase are elevated within first ____ hours and stays elevated for __-___ hours

A

24
48-72

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5
Q

with acute pancreatitis blood lipase elevated within ___-___ hours and stays elevated ___-___ days

A

48-72 hrs
5-14 days

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6
Q

some signs and symptoms of ACUTE pancreatitis are
- severe ___ pain which radiates to back ( after large meal or alcoholic Bev)
- nausea and vomiting
- ____
- abdominal ____
- fever
- _____
- history of gallstones and ____ abuse

A

epigastric
malaise
abdominal DISTENTION
jaundice
ALCOHOL abuse

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7
Q

on ultrasound ACUTE pancreatitis in the early stage may appear ____.
late stage shows an enlarged, ____echoic pancreas with possible pancreatic duct diation .
peripancreatic fluid collection with possible ____.
doppler shows ___ blood flow .
the gallbladder wall may be _____

A

normal
HYPOechoic
ascites
increased
thickened

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8
Q

there are 2 forms of ACUTE pancreatitis ____ form and ____ form

A

edematous
necrotizing

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9
Q

the most common form on pancreatitis is ____ form

A

edematous

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10
Q

edematous pancreatitis on ultrasound appears
- ____ in 30% of patient
- ___ or ____ enlargement
- decrease in _____
- sometimes has good through transmission
- focal ____ areas

A

normal
diffuse or focal
echogenecity
hypoechoic

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11
Q

some complications of ACUTE pancreatitis are
- ____ formation
- _____
- abscess
- _____
- duodenal _____

A

pseudocyst
phlegmon
hemorrhage
obstruction

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12
Q

a pancreatic ____ is collection of fluid that resulted from and inflammatory process

A

pseudocyst

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13
Q

pancreatic pseudocyst develops __-___ weeks onset of pancreatitis

A

4-6

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14
Q

the most common location for a pancreatic pseudocyst is the ___ sac anterior to the pancreas and ___ to the stomach.
The second most common location is in the anterior ___ space

A

lesser
posterior
pararenal

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15
Q

___ is used as a guidance modality in the approach to precutaneus drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst and abscess

A

ultrasound

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16
Q

for surgical or precutaneus intervention __ to ___ weeks is considered appropriate because by that time the walls of the pseudocyst are relatively well formed and the chances for spontaneous regression have diminished

A

five to six

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17
Q

pancreatic pseudocyst more common location is in the ___ ___

A

lesser sac

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18
Q

pancreatic pseudocyst second most common location is in the ___ ___ ___

A

anterior pararenal space

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19
Q

some complications with pancreatic pseudocyst are
- ____, infection and ____ rupture

A

bleeding
spontaneous

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20
Q

the most common complication of a pancreatic pseudocyst is ___ ___

A

spontaneous rupture

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21
Q

a spontaneous rupture clinical symptoms are sudden shock and ___, mortality rate is __% and pancreatic ____

A

peritonitis
50%
ascities

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22
Q

a complication of ACUTE pancreatitis is pancreatic ___ which is localized suppurative pus collecting in or around the gland

A

abscess

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23
Q

____ causes localized areas of diffused inflammatory edema or soft tissue.
its an inflammatory process that spreads along the fascial pathways

A

phlegmon

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24
Q

phlegmon may progress to ___ and suppuration. usually involves the __ sac, left anterior ___ space and transverse mesocolon.
occurs in 18-20% of patients with ___ ____

A

necrosis
lesser
pararenal
acute pancreatitis

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25
Q

phlegmon on ultrasound appears ___ texture with good through transmission

A

hypo echoic

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26
Q

____ pancreatitis is inflammatory reaction that spreads to the soft tissue surrounding the pancreas, along the fascial pathways producing edema and swelling

A

phlegmonous

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27
Q

a pancreatic ___ is imaged with sonography with poorly defined hypoechic mass with smooth or irregular thick walls causing few internal echoes

A

abscess

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28
Q

_____ pancreatitis is caused by a sudden escape of pancreatic enzymes into the parenchyma causing focal areas of fat necrosis in and around the pancreas which leads to rupture of the vessels and ____

A

hemmorhagic
hemorrhage

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29
Q

hemorrhagic pancreatitis is a rapid progression of ____ ____ with rupture of pancreatic ___ resulting in a ____

A

acute pancreatitis
vessels
hemorrhage

30
Q

hemorrhagic pancreatitis on ultrasound appearance is varied , depending on the ___ of the hemorrhage ; ___ defined homogenous mass in the area of the pancreas may be seen , may appear ___ or ____

A

age
well
solid or cystic

31
Q

____ ____ is an irreversible progressive destruction of pancreas due to repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis

A

CHRONIC pancreatitis

32
Q

CHRONIC pancreatitis most common cause is ___ ___ associated with chronic ___ or ____ disease

A

alcohol abuse
alcoholism
biliary

33
Q

CHRONIC pancreatitis increases risk of patient developing ____ ____

A

pancreatic cancer

34
Q

with CHRONIC pancreatitis patients may also have ____ ( 20-40%) ,
a dilated ___ ___ ___ . or ___ of the splenic vein with extension into the ___ vein

A

pseudocyst
common bile duct
thrombosis
portal

35
Q

some signs and symptoms of CHRONIC pancreatitis is
- constant ____ and ___ pain
- _____ loss
-_____
- _____ mellitus

A

epigastric and back
weight
steatorrhea
diabetes

36
Q

CHRONIC pancreatitis on ultrasound appears ____geneous, small echogenic ____ may be seen ,
___ contours and ____ pancreatic duct

A

HETEROgeneous
calcifications
irregular
dilated

37
Q
A
38
Q

Endocrine neoplasms is also known as ____ cell tumors

A

Islet

39
Q

Exocrine neoplasms is also called ____ cell tumors

A

Acini

40
Q

The three types of islet cell tumors are
- ____ (B cell )
- _____
- ______ ( G cell)

A

Insulinoma
Glucagonoma
Gastrinoma

41
Q

The most common islet cell tumor is _____ (60%) And the second most common is _____ (18%)

A

Insulinoma
Gastrinoma

42
Q

Insulinoma (B cell ) is usually ____ and secretes ____.

A

Benign
Insulin

43
Q

Glucagonoma is ___. High incidence of ___ .

A

Rare
Malignancy

44
Q

Gastrinoma (G-cell) is the second most __\ functioning islet cell tumor and produces ___ -___ syndrome

A

Common
Zollinger Ellison

45
Q

Gastrinoma is caused by non___ secreting pancreatic tumors , which secrete excessive amounts of ___

A

Insulin
Gastrin

46
Q

With Glucagonoma patients are ____ caused by increasing level of the glucagon hormone

A

Hyperglycemic

47
Q

Insulinoma , Glucagonoma and Gastrinoma are usually found on the pancreas ___ and ____

A

Body
Tail

48
Q

The types of acini cell tumors are
- ______
- _______
- _____/_____

A

Adenocarcinoma
Serous cystadenoma
Mucinous cystadenoma / cystadenocarcinoma

49
Q

Adenocarcinomas are ___ tumors of pancreas ranked as ___ th leading cause of cancer related deaths in the US

A

Malignant
4

50
Q

____ accounts for 90% of all pancreatic malignancies. It can produce ___ gallbladder which is dilated CBD and GB

A

Adenocarcinoma
Courvoisier

51
Q

With adenocarcinoma lab values show elevated
- _______
- _______
-________
- _____ phosphate

A

Bilirubin
Amylase
Lipse
Alkaline

52
Q

____ is a rare neoplasm it can be serous or mucinous

A

Cystadenoma

53
Q

With cystadenoma most are ____ but does have ____ potential this would be called _____

A

Benign
Malignant
Cystadenocarcinoma

54
Q

SEROUS cystadenoma is a ___ tumor . It’s more common in ___

A

Benign
Women

55
Q

MUCINOUS cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma is a ___ tumor but can become ____ and is most common in ____

A

Benign
Malignant
Woman

56
Q

SEROUS cystadenoma is commonly found in the pancreas ____.
MUCINOUS cystadenoma is commonly found on pancreas ___/____

A

Head
Body/ tail

57
Q

____ _____ is an adenocarcinoma most common type

A

Pancreatic carcinoma

58
Q

Pancreatic carcinoma involves ____ portions of pancreas

A

Exocrine

59
Q

Pancreatic carcinoma accounts for more than 90% of all ____ pancreatic tumors

A

Malignant

60
Q

Pancreatic carcinoma affect ____ people more that ____

A

Black
White

61
Q

Pancreatic carcinoma affects ____ more than ____

A

Males
Females

62
Q

Patients are at risk for pancreatic carcinoma with a diet high in ___ .
Increase with ___. Family ____ correlation
____ pancreatitis . And with ____

A

Fats
Smoking
History
CHRONIC
Age

63
Q

_____ ____ is the 4th most common cause of cancer related to breast and colon cancers

A

pancreatic carcinoma

64
Q

lab values that relate to pancreatic carcinoma are elevated ______, _____, ______ and ______ phosphatase

A

bilirubin
amylase
lipase
alkaline

65
Q

the Courvoisier gallbladder sign is seen with ____ _____

A

pancreatic carcinoma

66
Q

pancreatic carcinoma is most common in the pancreatic _____, it appears as a ____ echoic mass and _____ defined. its usually greater than __cm.

A

head
HYPOechoic
poorly
2cm

67
Q

with pancreatic carcinoma on ultrasound you can see the dilated ___ ___ ( including intrahepatic ducts) through the ____. and division of ____ duct. Liver ____, ascites and regional _____

A

biliary tree
CBD
Pancreatic
mets
adenopathy

68
Q

pancreatic carcinoma appears ____echoic with ____ boarder mass located on the ____ of the pancreas. Dilated ____

A

HYPOechoic
irregular
head
CBD

69
Q

_____ _____ is an inherited disorder of the exocrine glands causing viscous ( thick mucous) secretion and dysfunction of the pancreas exocrine function

A

Cystic fibrosis

70
Q

with cystic fibrosis the pancreas becomes ____ and ___ replacement occurs

A

fibrotic
fatty

71
Q

cystic fibrosis can cause pancreatic duct ____

A

obstruction

72
Q

with cystic fibrosis there is pancreas ____ with increased ____ caused by fat replacement of the pancreatic tissue

A

atrophy
echogenecity

Abdomen (7 decks)

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