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Abdomen > Spleen anatomy and pathology > Flashcards

Spleen anatomy and pathology Flashcards

1
Q

the spleen has a ____ surface and is smooth and convex

A

diaphragmatic

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2
Q

the spleen ____ surface conforms to positions of stomach , left kidney and left flexure of colon

A

visceral

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3
Q

the spleens shape is comparable to a __ ___

A

half moon

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4
Q

the spleen _____, covered entirely of ____ except for a small area at the hilum where vascular structures and lymph nodes are located

A

intraperitoneal
peritoneum

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5
Q

the spleen is usually ____ than the kidney

A

longer

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6
Q

an enlarged spleen or splenomegaly is ___ cm

A

13cm

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7
Q

splenomegaly is diagnosed when the spleen measures more that ___cm in the adult patient to more than the normal length in a child

A

13cm

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8
Q

phrenicosplenic, splenocolic, pancreaticosplenic,phrenicocolic and pancreaticocolic ligamnets are other ligaments that help support the ___

A

spleen

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9
Q

the splenic hilum is located ____

A

medially

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10
Q

the splenic artery, vein, lymphatics and nerves enter and exit at the ___ ___

A

splenic hilum

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11
Q

the splenic vein exits hilum and runs _____ to tail and body of pancreas

A

posterior

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12
Q

the splenic artery branches from the celiac axis and courses ____ to body and tail of pancreas to enter hilum

A

superior

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13
Q

intrasplenic arterial branches do not ____ nor ____ to create ____ flow

A

anastomose
communicate
collateral

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14
Q

the spleen is a ___ organ with ___ properties that allow it to distend as blood fills the ____ sinuses

A

soft
elastic
venous

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15
Q

these characteristics are related to the spleens function as a blood ____

A

reservoir

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16
Q

within the lobules of the spleen are tissues called ____

A

pulp

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17
Q

there are 2 types of tissue in the spleen ___ pulp and ___ pulp

A

red
white

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18
Q

the spleen has a ___ function which removes olfactory abdnormal RBC such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia

A

culling

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19
Q

the spleen has a ___ function which removes RBC that contain granule or a parasite ( malaria ) without being destroyed

A

pitting

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20
Q

the spleen has a _____ function process which is RBC formation , it starts at fifth or sixth months of fetal life until bone marrow assumes the primary function, regain when bone marrow lost

A

erythropoiesis

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21
Q

the spleen is a lymphoid organ that produces ___ and ___ cells needed to form antibodies

A

lymphocytes
plasma

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22
Q

____ is INCREASE in WBC ; infection

A

leukocytosis

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23
Q

_____ is DECREASE in WBC; medications/boen marrow disease

A

leukopenia

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24
Q

____ is percentage of RBC; hemorrhage

A

hematocrit

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25
Q

_____ is decrease blood cells platelet: hemorrhage

A

thrombocytopenia

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26
Q

_____ is an increase in blood cells platelet; inflammation, neoplasm

A

thrombocytosis

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27
Q

the spleen ____ blood

A

filters

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28
Q

the spleen plays a pear in ___ function

A

immune

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29
Q

____ is an abnormal decrease in platelets may be result of internal hemorrhage

A

thrombocytopenia

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30
Q

____ is an abnormal increase in red blood cell mass

A

polycythemia

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31
Q

_____ is the increase in the number of white cells present in the blood is usually a typical finding in infection

A

leukocytosis

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32
Q

____ is an abdnomal decrease In white blood corpuscles may be secondary to certain medications or bone marrow disorder

A

leukopenia

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33
Q

an ___ ___ is the most common variant

A

accessory spleen

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34
Q

the common location for an accessory spleen is the hilum/____ ligament

A

gastrosplenic

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35
Q

____ ___ is also known as splenuculus

A

accessory spleen

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36
Q

monographically a splenic spleen is ____, ____ compared to normal splenic tissue

A

homogenous
isoechoic

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37
Q

ectopic spleen is also called ___ spleen , ___ spleen or ____ spleen

A

wandering
aberrant
floating

38
Q

a normal spleen on ultrasound has a uniform ____ echo texture, ___ level echoes. ____ or slightly ___ to the liver

A

homogeneous
medium
isoechoic
hyper echoic

39
Q

a normal spleen on ultrasound has ___ contour,

A

smooth

40
Q

when the spleen is involved in systemic disease , splenic ___ or _____ usually develops

A

enlargement
splenomegaly

41
Q

with splenomegaly patients usually present with LUQ ___ and or ___

A

fullness
pain

42
Q

the causes of splenomegaly are
- ____ ____ secondary to ____ ____
- _____ splenomegaly
- splenic _____
- _____
- blood ______
- _____ hematopoiesis

A

portal hypertension second to alcoholic cirrhosis
congestive splenomegaly
splenic infections
neoplastic
blood disorders
extra medullary

43
Q

congestion of the spleen is an ___ congestion

A

acute

44
Q

congestion of the spleen is a chronic ____ congestion

A

chronic

45
Q

congestion of the spleen is a ___ enlargement of the spleen

A

diffuse

46
Q

splenic _____ demonstrates multiple hypo echoic lesion with central echogenic ring ( wheel in wheel sign ) also knows and target pattern sign

A

candidiasis

47
Q

focal disease may be ___ or ___

A

single
multiple

48
Q

focal disease may be found in a ___ or ___ spleen

A

normal
enlarged

49
Q

major non dramatic causes of focal splenic defects are ____, abscess, ___ and tumor

A

infarct
cyst

50
Q

____ infarct has LUQ pain

A

ACUTE

51
Q

in ___ infarct phase appears as a hypo echoic , wedge shaped oriented towards periphery lesion

A

ACUTE

52
Q

____ infarct is asymptomatic

A

CHRONIC

53
Q

with chronic infarct lesions become more ____ with age of infarct

A

echogenic

54
Q

a splenic abscess is not ____

A

common

55
Q

splenic abscess is caused by ____

A

sepsis

56
Q

splenic abscess has a ___ mortality rate

A

high

57
Q

patients with splenic ____ may have a high grade fever, leukocytosis, LUQ pain and tenderness, vomiting referred pain to chest or shoulder

A

abscess

58
Q

a splenic cyst may be ___ or ____

A

congenital
acquired

59
Q

a splenic abscess on ultrasound has
- ____ shaggy boarders
-solid
- cyst
- complex
- ____ shadowing

A

irregular
dirty

60
Q

___ _____ Is direct trauma to LUQ

A

splenic trauma

61
Q

splenic trauma causes are
- ____ accidents
- ____ related injury
- ____ and ___ wounds
- ____ abuse

A

automobile
sports
gunshot or stab
physical

62
Q

with splenic trauma bleeding can occur within ___ or though ____

A

spleen
capsule

63
Q

with splenic trauma is the capsule is ___ the outcome may be intraperenchymal or sub capsular hematoma.
if the capsule ____ a focal or free intrapersonal hematoma may form

A

intact
ruptures

64
Q

in ___ ruptures a sub capsular hematoma may develop with subsequent rupture

A

delay

65
Q

a ___ ____ is usually isolated, inhomogeneous,echogenic mass with multiple small hypo echoic areas

A

cavernous lymphangioma

66
Q

with ___ ____ patients become symptomatic when the size of the spleen increases and compresses other organs

A

cavernous lymphangioma

67
Q

with an ____ splenic trauma on US it appears sub capsular or intraparenchymal hematoma that is hypoechoic, isoechoic, hyper echoic or complex as related to age

A

intracapsular

68
Q

splenic trauma with ___ of ____ on US blood in intraperitoneal cavity, retroperitoneal cavity, parabolic gutters, Morrison’s pouch, posterior cul de sac

A

rupture
capsule

69
Q

with a cavernous hemangioma on ultrasound the appearance is ____ from well defines echogenic appearance to a ___ mixed pattern

A

variable
complex

70
Q

leukemia is a primary malignancy of the
- _____ marrow
- lymph _____
- _____

A

BONE marrow
lymph NODES
SPLEEN

71
Q

patients with splenic leukemia patients present with severe , fatigue weigh loss, anemia and _____ WBC

A

INCREASED

72
Q

splenic leukemia on US appears as spleen ____ heterogenous

A

enlarged

73
Q

patients with splenic lymphoma lab tests are anemia and _____ WBC count

A

ELEVATED

74
Q

patients with splenic lymphoma present with fever fatigue, weight loss and ____ lymph nodes

A

enlarged

75
Q

splenic lymphoma on ultrasound appears as an ___ spleen with isoechoic hypo echoic mass, ____ migrated or several ____ like nodules resulting in heterogeneous appearance

A

enlarged
tumor

76
Q

metastases is common from ___

A

melanoma

77
Q

metastases is also possible from primary in ____ , ____ , ____ and ____

A

lung
breast
colon
ovary

78
Q

the retroperitoneum is space ___ to peritoneum cavity

A

posterior

79
Q

the retroperitoneum is located ___ parietal peritoneum

A

behind

80
Q

the retroperitoneum extends form diaphragm ____ to pelvic brim ____

A

superiorly
inferiorly

81
Q

the retroperitoneum is divided into ___ major compartments by renal gerotas fascia

A

THREE

82
Q

retroperiotnal fibrosis disease affect middle aged ___ twice as often as ___

A

males
females

83
Q

for retroperitoneal fibrosis ___ is imaging modality of choice for initial diagnosis s

A

CT

84
Q

for retroperitoneal fibrosis ____ is frequently used to follow diseases process

A

sonography

85
Q

retroperitoneal fibrosis monographically appears as a hypo echoic smoothly marginated clump or layer in __-____ region

A

para aortic

86
Q

with retroperioneal fibrosis sonographers should evaluate ____ for possible hydrenophrosis

A

kidneys

87
Q

_____ pararenal space is most common of retroperitoneal infections and fluid collections

A

ANTERIOR

88
Q

lymphocele, urinoma,lymphangiomas, primary retroperitoneal cysts and retroperitoneal hemorrhage are retroperitoneal ___ ____

A

fluid collection

89
Q

sonographically lymph nodes are less than __ cm normally cannot be seen

A

1cm

90
Q

___ ____ occasionally or when are enlarged have normal oviod-shaped hypo echoic cortex and echogenic central fatty hilum

A

lymph nodes

91
Q

splenomegaly is associated with splenic ____ diseases

A

splenic

92
Q
A

Abdomen (9 decks)

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