Spleen anatomy and pathology Flashcards
the spleen has a ____ surface and is smooth and convex
diaphragmatic
the spleen ____ surface conforms to positions of stomach , left kidney and left flexure of colon
visceral
the spleens shape is comparable to a __ ___
half moon
the spleen _____, covered entirely of ____ except for a small area at the hilum where vascular structures and lymph nodes are located
intraperitoneal
peritoneum
the spleen is usually ____ than the kidney
longer
an enlarged spleen or splenomegaly is ___ cm
13cm
splenomegaly is diagnosed when the spleen measures more that ___cm in the adult patient to more than the normal length in a child
13cm
phrenicosplenic, splenocolic, pancreaticosplenic,phrenicocolic and pancreaticocolic ligamnets are other ligaments that help support the ___
spleen
the splenic hilum is located ____
medially
the splenic artery, vein, lymphatics and nerves enter and exit at the ___ ___
splenic hilum
the splenic vein exits hilum and runs _____ to tail and body of pancreas
posterior
the splenic artery branches from the celiac axis and courses ____ to body and tail of pancreas to enter hilum
superior
intrasplenic arterial branches do not ____ nor ____ to create ____ flow
anastomose
communicate
collateral
the spleen is a ___ organ with ___ properties that allow it to distend as blood fills the ____ sinuses
soft
elastic
venous
these characteristics are related to the spleens function as a blood ____
reservoir
within the lobules of the spleen are tissues called ____
pulp
there are 2 types of tissue in the spleen ___ pulp and ___ pulp
red
white
the spleen has a ___ function which removes olfactory abdnormal RBC such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia
culling
the spleen has a ___ function which removes RBC that contain granule or a parasite ( malaria ) without being destroyed
pitting
the spleen has a _____ function process which is RBC formation , it starts at fifth or sixth months of fetal life until bone marrow assumes the primary function, regain when bone marrow lost
erythropoiesis
the spleen is a lymphoid organ that produces ___ and ___ cells needed to form antibodies
lymphocytes
plasma
____ is INCREASE in WBC ; infection
leukocytosis
_____ is DECREASE in WBC; medications/boen marrow disease
leukopenia
____ is percentage of RBC; hemorrhage
hematocrit
_____ is decrease blood cells platelet: hemorrhage
thrombocytopenia
_____ is an increase in blood cells platelet; inflammation, neoplasm
thrombocytosis
the spleen ____ blood
filters
the spleen plays a pear in ___ function
immune
____ is an abnormal decrease in platelets may be result of internal hemorrhage
thrombocytopenia
____ is an abnormal increase in red blood cell mass
polycythemia
_____ is the increase in the number of white cells present in the blood is usually a typical finding in infection
leukocytosis
____ is an abdnomal decrease In white blood corpuscles may be secondary to certain medications or bone marrow disorder
leukopenia
an ___ ___ is the most common variant
accessory spleen
the common location for an accessory spleen is the hilum/____ ligament
gastrosplenic
____ ___ is also known as splenuculus
accessory spleen
monographically a splenic spleen is ____, ____ compared to normal splenic tissue
homogenous
isoechoic
ectopic spleen is also called ___ spleen , ___ spleen or ____ spleen
wandering
aberrant
floating
a normal spleen on ultrasound has a uniform ____ echo texture, ___ level echoes. ____ or slightly ___ to the liver
homogeneous
medium
isoechoic
hyper echoic
a normal spleen on ultrasound has ___ contour,
smooth
when the spleen is involved in systemic disease , splenic ___ or _____ usually develops
enlargement
splenomegaly
with splenomegaly patients usually present with LUQ ___ and or ___
fullness
pain
the causes of splenomegaly are
- ____ ____ secondary to ____ ____
- _____ splenomegaly
- splenic _____
- _____
- blood ______
- _____ hematopoiesis
portal hypertension second to alcoholic cirrhosis
congestive splenomegaly
splenic infections
neoplastic
blood disorders
extra medullary
congestion of the spleen is an ___ congestion
acute
congestion of the spleen is a chronic ____ congestion
chronic
congestion of the spleen is a ___ enlargement of the spleen
diffuse
splenic _____ demonstrates multiple hypo echoic lesion with central echogenic ring ( wheel in wheel sign ) also knows and target pattern sign
candidiasis
focal disease may be ___ or ___
single
multiple
focal disease may be found in a ___ or ___ spleen
normal
enlarged
major non dramatic causes of focal splenic defects are ____, abscess, ___ and tumor
infarct
cyst
____ infarct has LUQ pain
ACUTE
in ___ infarct phase appears as a hypo echoic , wedge shaped oriented towards periphery lesion
ACUTE
____ infarct is asymptomatic
CHRONIC
with chronic infarct lesions become more ____ with age of infarct
echogenic
a splenic abscess is not ____
common
splenic abscess is caused by ____
sepsis
splenic abscess has a ___ mortality rate
high
patients with splenic ____ may have a high grade fever, leukocytosis, LUQ pain and tenderness, vomiting referred pain to chest or shoulder
abscess
a splenic cyst may be ___ or ____
congenital
acquired
a splenic abscess on ultrasound has
- ____ shaggy boarders
-solid
- cyst
- complex
- ____ shadowing
irregular
dirty
___ _____ Is direct trauma to LUQ
splenic trauma
splenic trauma causes are
- ____ accidents
- ____ related injury
- ____ and ___ wounds
- ____ abuse
automobile
sports
gunshot or stab
physical
with splenic trauma bleeding can occur within ___ or though ____
spleen
capsule
with splenic trauma is the capsule is ___ the outcome may be intraperenchymal or sub capsular hematoma.
if the capsule ____ a focal or free intrapersonal hematoma may form
intact
ruptures
in ___ ruptures a sub capsular hematoma may develop with subsequent rupture
delay
a ___ ____ is usually isolated, inhomogeneous,echogenic mass with multiple small hypo echoic areas
cavernous lymphangioma
with ___ ____ patients become symptomatic when the size of the spleen increases and compresses other organs
cavernous lymphangioma
with an ____ splenic trauma on US it appears sub capsular or intraparenchymal hematoma that is hypoechoic, isoechoic, hyper echoic or complex as related to age
intracapsular
splenic trauma with ___ of ____ on US blood in intraperitoneal cavity, retroperitoneal cavity, parabolic gutters, Morrison’s pouch, posterior cul de sac
rupture
capsule
with a cavernous hemangioma on ultrasound the appearance is ____ from well defines echogenic appearance to a ___ mixed pattern
variable
complex
leukemia is a primary malignancy of the
- _____ marrow
- lymph _____
- _____
BONE marrow
lymph NODES
SPLEEN
patients with splenic leukemia patients present with severe , fatigue weigh loss, anemia and _____ WBC
INCREASED
splenic leukemia on US appears as spleen ____ heterogenous
enlarged
patients with splenic lymphoma lab tests are anemia and _____ WBC count
ELEVATED
patients with splenic lymphoma present with fever fatigue, weight loss and ____ lymph nodes
enlarged
splenic lymphoma on ultrasound appears as an ___ spleen with isoechoic hypo echoic mass, ____ migrated or several ____ like nodules resulting in heterogeneous appearance
enlarged
tumor
metastases is common from ___
melanoma
metastases is also possible from primary in ____ , ____ , ____ and ____
lung
breast
colon
ovary
the retroperitoneum is space ___ to peritoneum cavity
posterior
the retroperitoneum is located ___ parietal peritoneum
behind
the retroperitoneum extends form diaphragm ____ to pelvic brim ____
superiorly
inferiorly
the retroperitoneum is divided into ___ major compartments by renal gerotas fascia
THREE
retroperiotnal fibrosis disease affect middle aged ___ twice as often as ___
males
females
for retroperitoneal fibrosis ___ is imaging modality of choice for initial diagnosis s
CT
for retroperitoneal fibrosis ____ is frequently used to follow diseases process
sonography
retroperitoneal fibrosis monographically appears as a hypo echoic smoothly marginated clump or layer in __-____ region
para aortic
with retroperioneal fibrosis sonographers should evaluate ____ for possible hydrenophrosis
kidneys
_____ pararenal space is most common of retroperitoneal infections and fluid collections
ANTERIOR
lymphocele, urinoma,lymphangiomas, primary retroperitoneal cysts and retroperitoneal hemorrhage are retroperitoneal ___ ____
fluid collection
sonographically lymph nodes are less than __ cm normally cannot be seen
1cm
___ ____ occasionally or when are enlarged have normal oviod-shaped hypo echoic cortex and echogenic central fatty hilum
lymph nodes
splenomegaly is associated with splenic ____ diseases
splenic
