Ch.7 Cellular Respiration And Fermentation

Question 1

Fermentation

Answer 1

A catabolic process that is partial degrading of sugars or other organic fuel that occurs w/o the use of oxygen

Question 2

Aerobic respiration

Answer 2

Catabolic pathway at which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel

Question 3

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 3

Other substances other than oxygen I consumed as reactants that Harvest chemical energy w/o oxygen

Question 4

Cellular respiration

Answer 4

Refers to the aerobic respiration

Question 5

Redox reactions

Answer 5

Electron transfers

Question 6

Oxidation

Answer 6

The loss Of electrons from one substance

Question 7

Reduction

Answer 7

The addition of electrons to another substance

Question 8

Reducing agent

Answer 8

Electron donor

Question 9

Oxidizing agent

Answer 9

Electron acceptor

Question 10

NAD+ ( nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

Answer 10

Electron carrier (acceptor), a coenzyme that can cycle easily between oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) states

Question 11

Catabolic pathways

Answer 11

Metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules

Question 12

How does NAD+ trap electrons from glucose and other organic molecules?

Answer 12

Enzymes call dehydrogenases remove a pair of hydrogen atoms ( 2 electrons and 2 protons) from the substrate, thereby oxidizing it. The enzyme delivers the 2 electrons w/ 1 proton to NAD+ while other proton is released as a hydrogen ion into the surrounding solution. NAD+ is reduced to NADH, becoming neutral

Question 13

Electron transport chain

Answer 13

A # of molecules, most proteins, built into the inner membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membrane of aerobically repairing prokaryotes

Question 14

Metabolic stages for the harvesting of energy from glucose by cellular respiration

Answer 14

1. Glycolysis
2. Pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle
3. Oxidative Phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis

Question 15

Glycolysis

Answer 15

Occurs in Cytosol, begins the degradation process by breaking down glucose into 2!molecules of a compound called pyruvate

Question 16

Citric acid cycle ( Krebs cycle)

Answer 16

Where Acteyl CoA enters

Question 17

Acteyl CoA

Answer 17

Oxidized pyruvate

Question 18

Chemiosmosis

Answer 18

Electron transport chains convert the chemical energy to a form used for ATP synthesis

Question 19

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 19

Powered by the redox reactions of the electron transport chain, ATP->ADP, adding an inorganic phosphate to ADP

Question 20

Substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 20

ATP synthesis that occurs when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP as in oxidative phosphorylation