Ch.13 The Molecular Basis Of Inhertance

Question 1

A change in the genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA of a cell

Answer 1

Transformation

Question 2

Bacteria eaters

Answer 2

Bacteriophages, phages

Question 3

DNA or RNA enclosed by Protein

Answer 3

Virus

Question 4

Copy of DNA

Answer 4

DNA replication

Question 5

Unwinds parental double helix at replication forks

Answer 5

Helicase

Question 6

Binds to and stabilizes single-stranded DNA until it can be used as a template

Answer 6

Single-strand binding protein

Question 7

Relieves “ overwinding” strain ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands

Answer 7

Topoisomerase

Question 8

Synthesis and RNA primer at 5’ end of leading strand and at 5’ end of each Okazaki fragment of lagging strand

Answer 8

Primase

Question 9

Using parental DNA as a template, synthesizes new DNA strand by covalently adding nucleotides to 3’ end of a preexisting DNA strand of RNA primer

Answer 9

DNA pol III

Question 10

Removes RNA nucleotides of a primer from 5’ end and replaces them with DNA nucleotides

Answer 10

DNA pol I

Question 11

Joins 3’ end of DNA that replaces primer to rest of leading strand and joins Okazaki fragments of lagging strand

Answer 11

DNA ligase

Question 12

Since the subunits of a double helix run in the opposite direction, it is…

Answer 12

Antiparallel

Question 13

Adenine and guanines are…

They are nitrogen bases with….

Answer 13

Purines

Two rings

Question 14

Cytosine and Thymine are..

They are nitrogen bases that have only….

Answer 14

Pyrimidines

Single ring

Question 15

What two scientist built the double-helical model for the 3D structure of DNA

Answer 15

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 16

Model of replication that has one old strand from parent molecule and one newly made strand in each two daughter molecules

Answer 16

Semiconservative model

Question 17

Where the replication of DNA molecules begins

Answer 17

Origins of replication

Question 18

Y- shaped region where parental strands of DNA are being unwound

Answer 18

Replication fork

Question 19

Enzymes that untwist the double helix at replication forks

Answer 19

Helicase

Question 20

Bind to the unpaired DNA strands, keeping them from repairing

Answer 20

Single - strand binding proteins

Question 21

Helps relieve this strain by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands

Answer 21

Topoisomerase

Question 22

RNA chain

Answer 22

Primer

Question 23

A primer is synthesis by the enzyme…

Answer 23

Primase

Question 24

Enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of new DNA by adding nucleotides to a preexisting chain

Answer 24

DNA polymerase

Question 25

Which DNA pol adds nucleotides to the RNA primer and then continues adding DNA nucleotides, complementary to the parental DNA template strand, to the end of the new DNA strand

Answer 25

DNA pol III

Question 26

DNA polymerase catalyze the addition of a nucleotide to the 3' end of a growing DNA strand, with the release of ... X

Answer 26

Pyro phosphate / two phosphates

Question 27

What DNA strand is made from DNA pol III in the replication fork on that template strand and continuously adds nucleotides to the new complementary strand as the fork progresses

Answer 27

Leading strand

Question 28

The DNA strand that is made when DNA pol III must work along the other template strand in the direction away from the replication fork

Answer 28

Lagging strand

Question 29

The lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously as a series of segments called...

Answer 29

Okazaki fragments

Question 30

Joins the sugar phosphate backbone of all Okazaki fragments into a continuous dab strand

Answer 30

DNA ligase

Question 31

Enzymes remove and replace incorrectly paired nucleotides resulting from replication errors

Answer 31

Mismatch repair

Question 32

DNA cutting enzyme

Answer 32

Nuclease

Question 33

Nuclease, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase are all involved in

Answer 33

Nucleotide excision repair

Question 34

An enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres in eukaryotic germ cells to restore their original length

Answer 34

Telomerase

Question 35

Irregular clumps, compaction of chromatin

Answer 35

Heterochromatin

Question 36

Less compacted, more dispersed chromatin

Answer 36

Euchromatin

Question 37

Proteins that are responsible for first level of DNA packing in chromatin.

Answer 37

Histones

Question 38

The base pairing of one strand of Nucleic acid to a complementary sequence on another strand

Answer 38

Nucleic acid hybridization

Question 39

The direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes

Answer 39

Genetic engineering

Question 40

Small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the bacterial chromosome

Answer 40

Plasmids

Question 41

A DNA molecule formed when segments of DNA from two different sources combined in vitro

Answer 41

Recombinant DNA

Question 42

Production of multiple copies of a single gene

Answer 42

Gene cloning

Question 43

Enzymes that cut DNA molecules at a limited # of specific locations

Answer 43

Restriction enzymes

Question 44

A particular short DNA sequence that restriction enzymes cut within

Answer 44

Restriction site

Question 45

Many cuts from a restriction enzyme in a DNA molecule

Answer 45

Restriction fragments

Question 46

What researchers use to see the restriction fragments

Answer 46

Gel electrophoresis

Question 47

The resulting double stranded restriction fragments have one at least one single stranded end called

Answer 47

Sticky end

Question 48

A DNA molecule that can carry foreign DNA into a host cell and replicate there

Answer 48

Cloning vector

Question 49

A three step cycle that brings about A chain reaction that produces an exceptionally growing population of identical DNA molecules

Answer 49

Polymerase chaih reaction (PCR)

Question 50

Determining a gene's complete nucleotide sequence off of the principle of complementary base pairing

Answer 50

DNA sequencing