Ch. 14 Gene Expression: From Gene To Protein

Question 1

What type of cells undergo transcription and translation?

Answer 1

Bacterial, archaeal, eukaryotic cells

Question 2

DNA directs the synthesis of proteins

Answer 2

Gene expression

Question 3

The synthesis of RNA complementary to template strand of DNA

Answer 3

Transcription

Question 4

Provides a nucleotide to nucleotide transfer of information

Answer 4

Template strand

Question 5

The synthesis of a polypeptide whose amino acid sequence is specified by the nucleotide sequence in mRNA

Answer 5

Translation

Question 6

Encode as a sequence of nonoverlaping nucleotide triplets

Answer 6

Codons

Question 7

Codons must be read in the correct….

Answer 7

Reading frame

Question 8

Links RNA nucleotide complementary to a DNA template strand

Answer 8

RNA polymerase

Question 9

Intiates where RNA synthesis starts

Answer 9

Promoter

Question 10

Help eukaryotic RNA polymerase recognize promoter sequences

Answer 10

Transcription factors

Question 11

RNA splicing, 5’ cap and poly-a- tail all are included in…

Answer 11

RNA processing

Question 12

Removed part of the mRNA

Answer 12

Introns

Question 13

Joined part of mRNA

Answer 13

Exons

Question 14

Introns are removed and exons are joined during what process?

Answer 14

RNA splicing

Question 15

Introns are removed and exons are joined by what mechanism?

Answer 15

Spliceosomes

Question 16

Catalytic ability of some RNA molecules

Answer 16

Ribozymes

Question 17

A cell translates mRNA message into a protein using what?

Answer 17

tRNA

Question 18

An enzyme that bound a specific amino acid with a tRNA

Answer 18

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Question 19

A ribosome is made up of..,

Answer 19

rRNA and proteins

Question 20

The formation of peptide bonds between amino acids is catalyzes by rRNA as tRNA move through…

Answer 20

A, P, E site

Question 21

Changes in one DNA nucleotide pair

Answer 21

Point mutations

Question 22

The replacement of one nucleotide and it’s partner with another pair of nucleotides

Answer 22

Nucleotide-pair substitution

Question 23

A change in a nucleotide pair that translates the codon to the same amino acid

Answer 23

Silent mutation

Question 24

Substitutions that change one amino acid to another one

Answer 24

Missense mutations

Question 25

Targets the protein to the ER

Answer 25

Signal peptide

Question 26

An escort that brings the ribosome to a receptor protein built into the ER membrane

Answer 26

Signal- recognition particle

Question 27

A change in a codon for an amino acid into a stop codon

Answer 27

Nonsense mutation

Question 28

Additions or losses of nucleotide pairs in a gene

Answer 28

Insertions and deletions

Question 29

Altering the reading frame of the genetic message wherever the # of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not multiple of three

Answer 29

Frameshift mutation

Question 30

Physical and chemical agents that cause damage to DNA and alters genes

Answer 30

Mutagens

Question 31

Definition of a gene

Answer 31

A gene is a region of DNA that can be expressed to produce a final functional product that is either a polypeptide or an RNA molecule