ch.6 pt 2

Question 1

a condition occurring when a two-joint muscle cannot shorten enough to cause a full range of motion at both joints it crosses at the same time is referred to as __ __

Answer 1

active insufficiency

Question 2

for most people, two-joint and multipoint muscles cannot stretch to the extent required for full range of motion in the opposite direction at all joints crossed. this problem is referred to as __ __

Answer 2

passive insufficiency

Question 3

T/F: Eccentric strength training involves the use of resistances that are greater than the athlete’s maximum isometric force generation capability

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What 2 factors affect force generation capability of muscles in humans?

Answer 4

1.) duration of muscle contraction
2.) time since muscle contraction

Question 4

What is an application of the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC)?

Answer 4

effective development of concentric muscular force in sport activities

Question 5

what is an example of active insufficiency with the function of two-joint muscles

Answer 5

finger flexors cannot produce as tight a fight when the wrist is in flexion as when it is in a neutral position

Question 6

what is an example of passive insufficiency

Answer 6

the restriction of range of motion when the finger flexors are maximally stretched with both the wrist and the fingers in full extension

Question 7

the maximum amount of force a muscle can produce under normal static conditions is called the __ __

Answer 7

isometric maximum

Question 8

the technique of recording myoelectric activity is known as __

Answer 8

electromyography

Question 9

less muscle tension development capability

Answer 9

muscle shortening

Question 10

maximum muscle tension development capability

Answer 10

muscle stretching

Question 11

__ refers to a pattern of eccentric contraction of muscles followed immediately by concentric contraction

Answer 11

stretch-shortening cycle

Question 12

the time between the arrival of neural stimulus and tension development by the muscle is referred to as __ __

Answer 12

electromechanical delay

Question 13

in order to evaluate the muscle strength of a muscle group at a joint, __ is measured

Answer 13

maximum torque generated by the muscle group

Question 14

what 2 factors influence a muscle’s moment arm for generating maximum torque at a joint

Answer 14

1.) the angle of a muscle’s attachment bone
2.) the distance between a muscle’s anatomical attachment to the bone and the axis of rotation at the joint center

Question 15

an electric current or voltage produced by a muscle developing tension is known as __ __

Answer 15

myoelectric activity

Question 16

muscular power is more generally defined as the __

Answer 16

rate of torque production at a joint

Question 17

the electromechanical delay observed when a muscle is stimulated is needed for the __

Answer 17

contractile component of the muscle to stretch the series elastic component

Question 18

when assessed through the measurement of maximum torque generated by a muscle group at a joint, muscular strength is a function of the __

Answer 18

collective force-generating capability of that muscle group

Question 19

anatomically, for the production of the greatest amount of torque at a joint, the muscle must __

Answer 19

be attached as far from the joint center as possible

Question 20

the production of muscular force and the velocity of muscle shortening is known as __ __

Answer 20

muscular power

Question 21

__ __ is a muscle’s ability to exert tension over time

Answer 21

muscular endurance

Question 22

what are 2 characteristics of muscle fatigue

Answer 22

1.) prolonged relaxation of motor units between recruitment
2.) reduction in muscle force production capability

Question 23

at what angle should a muscle be oriented to the bone for the production of the greatest amount of torque at a joint

Answer 23

90 degrees

Question 24

T/F: increased human body temp results in decreased muscular strength

Answer 24

false

Question 25

training for muscular endurance typically involves __

Answer 25

large numbers of repetitions against relatively light resistance

Question 26

__ __ is defined as reduced capacity of muscle fibers to produce force, even in the presence of motor neuron excitation

Answer 26

muscle fatigue

Question 27

minimal structural damage to the muscle tissue

Answer 27

mild strains

Question 28

a partial tear in the muscle tissue

Answer 28

second-degree strains

Question 29

severe tearing of the muscle

Answer 29

third-degree strains

Question 29

elevation in human body temperature causes __

Answer 29

a shift in the force-velocity curve for muscles

Question 30

__, or muscle bruises, are caused by compressive forces sustained during impacts

Answer 30

contusions

Question 31

a feeling of tightness or tension in the muscle

Answer 31

mild strains

Question 32

pain, weakness, and some loss of function

Answer 32

second-degree strains

Question 33

functional loss and accompanying hemorrhage and swelling

Answer 33

third-degree strains

Question 34

__, arising 24-72 hours after participation in a strenuous bout of exercise, is characterized by pain, swelling, and the same kinds of histological changes that accompany acute inflammation

Answer 34

delayed-onset muscle soreness

Question 35

the absence of pressure release from a muscle compartment results in __

Answer 35

severe damage to the neural and vascular structures in the compartment

Question 35

__ consists of hematomas within the muscle tissue

Answer 35

contusions

Question 36

when does muscle soreness occur?

Answer 36

some period of time following unaccustomed exercise

Question 37

injury or excessive muscular exertion causing hemorrhage or edema within a muscle compartment results in the __ syndrome

Answer 37

compartment