ch.6 pt 2 Flashcards
a condition occurring when a two-joint muscle cannot shorten enough to cause a full range of motion at both joints it crosses at the same time is referred to as __ __
active insufficiency
for most people, two-joint and multipoint muscles cannot stretch to the extent required for full range of motion in the opposite direction at all joints crossed. this problem is referred to as __ __
passive insufficiency
T/F: Eccentric strength training involves the use of resistances that are greater than the athlete’s maximum isometric force generation capability
True
What 2 factors affect force generation capability of muscles in humans?
1.) duration of muscle contraction
2.) time since muscle contraction
What is an application of the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC)?
effective development of concentric muscular force in sport activities
what is an example of active insufficiency with the function of two-joint muscles
finger flexors cannot produce as tight a fight when the wrist is in flexion as when it is in a neutral position
what is an example of passive insufficiency
the restriction of range of motion when the finger flexors are maximally stretched with both the wrist and the fingers in full extension
the maximum amount of force a muscle can produce under normal static conditions is called the __ __
isometric maximum
the technique of recording myoelectric activity is known as __
electromyography
less muscle tension development capability
muscle shortening
maximum muscle tension development capability
muscle stretching
__ refers to a pattern of eccentric contraction of muscles followed immediately by concentric contraction
stretch-shortening cycle
the time between the arrival of neural stimulus and tension development by the muscle is referred to as __ __
electromechanical delay
in order to evaluate the muscle strength of a muscle group at a joint, __ is measured
maximum torque generated by the muscle group
what 2 factors influence a muscle’s moment arm for generating maximum torque at a joint
1.) the angle of a muscle’s attachment bone
2.) the distance between a muscle’s anatomical attachment to the bone and the axis of rotation at the joint center
an electric current or voltage produced by a muscle developing tension is known as __ __
myoelectric activity
muscular power is more generally defined as the __
rate of torque production at a joint
the electromechanical delay observed when a muscle is stimulated is needed for the __
contractile component of the muscle to stretch the series elastic component
when assessed through the measurement of maximum torque generated by a muscle group at a joint, muscular strength is a function of the __
collective force-generating capability of that muscle group
anatomically, for the production of the greatest amount of torque at a joint, the muscle must __
be attached as far from the joint center as possible
the production of muscular force and the velocity of muscle shortening is known as __ __
muscular power
__ __ is a muscle’s ability to exert tension over time
muscular endurance
what are 2 characteristics of muscle fatigue
1.) prolonged relaxation of motor units between recruitment
2.) reduction in muscle force production capability
at what angle should a muscle be oriented to the bone for the production of the greatest amount of torque at a joint
90 degrees
T/F: increased human body temp results in decreased muscular strength
false
training for muscular endurance typically involves __
large numbers of repetitions against relatively light resistance
__ __ is defined as reduced capacity of muscle fibers to produce force, even in the presence of motor neuron excitation
muscle fatigue
minimal structural damage to the muscle tissue
mild strains
a partial tear in the muscle tissue
second-degree strains
severe tearing of the muscle
third-degree strains
elevation in human body temperature causes __
a shift in the force-velocity curve for muscles
__, or muscle bruises, are caused by compressive forces sustained during impacts
contusions
a feeling of tightness or tension in the muscle
mild strains
pain, weakness, and some loss of function
second-degree strains
functional loss and accompanying hemorrhage and swelling
third-degree strains
__, arising 24-72 hours after participation in a strenuous bout of exercise, is characterized by pain, swelling, and the same kinds of histological changes that accompany acute inflammation
delayed-onset muscle soreness
the absence of pressure release from a muscle compartment results in __
severe damage to the neural and vascular structures in the compartment
__ consists of hematomas within the muscle tissue
contusions
when does muscle soreness occur?
some period of time following unaccustomed exercise
injury or excessive muscular exertion causing hemorrhage or edema within a muscle compartment results in the __ syndrome
compartment
