Ch.4 pt 1 Flashcards
Bone tissue that has 5%-30% of the bone volume occupied by non mineralized tissue is known as __ __.
cortical bone
What is primarily determined by calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate?
Stiffness and comprehensive strength
What is provided by a protein called collagen?
Flexibility and tensile strength
Water makes up __%-__% of total bone weight.
25%-30%
Calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate make up __%-__% of dry bone weight.
60%-70%
T/F: The more porous the bone, the smaller the proportion of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate.
True
Bone tissue with 30% greater than 90% of bone volume that is occupied by non-mineralized tissue is known as spongy, cancellous, or __.
trabecular bone
The central skeleton is made up of…?
The skull, vertebrae, sternum, and ribs
The peripheral skeleton is made up of…?
The bones composing the body appendages
What is a consequence of the anisotropic property of bone?
It makes bone strongest in resisting compressive stress and weakest in resisting shear stress.
What bones serve as shock absorbers?
Short bones
What bones protect the underlying organs and soft tissues?
Flat bones
What bones support the weight of the superior body parts?
Irregular bones
What bones form the framework of the appendicular skeleton?
Long bones
The tibia and femur…(2 answers)
1.) Are large and massive to support the weight of the body.
2.) Contain a central hollow area known as the medullary cavity or canal.
During circumferential growth, while osteoblast activity occurs in the periosteum, bone is reabsorbed or eliminated around the circumference of the __ __, so that its diameter is continually enlarged.
medullary cavity
The term __ is used to describe a surface containing cavities and is a characteristic that varies across bones.
porous
Cortical and trabecular bone exhibit different strength and stiffness in response to forces applied from different directions. In this context, both cortical and trabecular bone are __.
anisotropic
What type of bone is the femur?
A long bone
What type of bone is the sacrum?
An irregular bone
What type of bone is the scapula?
A flat bone
What type of bones are the carpals?
Short bones
Long bones contain a central hollow area known as the __ __.
Medullary cavity
During circumferential growth of bone, the internal layer of the __ builds concentric layers of new bone tissue on top of existing ones.
Periosteum
Longitudinal growth of a bone is terminated during or shortly following adolescence when the __ __ disappears and the bone fuses.
epiphyseal plate
What two specialized cells are responsible for changes in bone size and shape during circumferential bone growth?
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts
T/F: Age-related changes in bone volume and density are much more pronounced in women than in men.
True
Cancellous bone has a honeycomb structure with mineralized vertical and horizontal bars, which form cells filled with marrow and fat. These bars are known as __.
trabeculae
The __ __ is a self-lubricating layer of firm, flexible connective tissue that protects the articulating ends of long bones from wear at points of contact with other bones.
articular cartilage
Compact mineralized connective tissue with low porosity that is found in the shafts of long bones is known as __ __.
cortical bone
Less compact mineralized connective tissue with high porosity that is found in the ends of long bones and in the vertebrae is known as __ __.
trabecular bone
What property of bone has the ability to resist pressing or squeezing force?
Compressive strength
What property of bone has the ability to resist pulling or stretching force?
Tensile strength
What property of bone has a ratio of stress to strain in a loaded material?
Stiffness
What are the nominal subdivisions of the human skeletal system?
The axial and appendicular skeleton
What is true of the age-related, progressive decline of bone density and bone strength that is experienced by both men and women?
It involves a progressive diminishment in the mechanical properties and general toughness of bone.
What is true of the porosity of bone?
The more porous the bone, the smaller the proportion of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate.
What type of bone cells are specialized bone cells that build new bone tissue during circumferential growth?
Osteoblasts
What type of bone cells are specialized bone cells that resorb bone tissue during circumferential growth?
Osteoclasts
