Ch.4 pt 2 Flashcards
According to Wolffs law, dynamic mechanical loading causes bones to strain, which gets translated into changes in bone shape and strength through a process known as __.
remodeling
Bone modeling is the process by which __ __ __.
immature bones grow
Bone modeling
Formation of new bone that is not preceded by resorption and is the process by which immature bones grow.
Which of the following groups is the most susceptible to osteoporosis?
Postmenopausal and elderly women
What is true about the female athlete triad?
1.) It can lead to reduced bone thickness and density
2.) It can result in negative consequences ranging from irreversible bone loss to death
The single most important factor for preventing or prolonging the onset of osteoporosis is the optimization of peak bone mass during __ __ __.
childhood and adolescence
In accordance with Wolff’s law, when a bone undergoes a deformation or bending type load, it is subject to strain, new bone is laid down at the strain sites, and the ______.
overall bone mass and density are increased
In the context of bone injuries, the term impacted means _____.
pressed together by a compressive load
In response to motions of fluid within the bone matrix caused by dynamic loading, __ trigger the actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which in turn form and resorb bone.
osteocytes
Due to bone hypertrophy, the bones of physically active individuals tend to be _____ than those of sedentary individuals of the same age and gender.
denser, more mineralized, and stronger
According to Wolff’s law, the densities, and to a much lesser extent, the shapes and sizes of the bones of a given human being are a function of the _________.
magnitude and direction of the mechanical stresses that act on the bones
The term given to formation of new bone that is not preceded by resorption of fatigue-damaged older bone is __ __.
bone modeling
What conditions combine to form the female athlete triad?
low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and diminished bone mineral density
What is characterized by no change in bone mass?
Conservation mode
What involves a net loss of bone mass characterized by an enlarged marrow cavity and a thinned cortex?
Disuse mode
An increase in bone mass resulting from a predominance of osteoblast activity in response to regular physical activity is known as __ __.
bone hypertrophy
A decrease in bone mass resulting from a predominance of osteoclast activity in response to reduced stressed is known as __ __.
bone atrophy
Osteoporosis is a disorder that begins as __, which is a condition of reduced bone mineral density that predisposes an individual to fractures.
osteopenia
T/F: Evidence suggests that it is easier to treat osteoporosis than it is to prevent it.
False
What is necessary for maintaining skeletal integrity in both humans and animals?
weight-bearing physical activity
What is a simple bone fracture?
Bone ends remain within the surrounding soft tissues
What is a compound bone fracture?
One or both bone ends protrude from the skin
What is a transverse bone fracture?
A complete fracture in which a break occurs at a right angle to a bone’s axis
What is an oblique bone fracture?
A complete fracture that occurs at an angle other than a right angle too a bone’s axis
What is a spiral fracture?
A complete fracture caused by twisting a bone excessively
