ch 3 key terms

Question 1

acute loading

Answer 1

application of a single force of sufficient magnitude to cause injury to a biological tissue

Question 2

axial

Answer 2

directed along the longitudinal axis of a body

Question 3

bending

Answer 3

asymmetric loading that produces tension on one side of a body’s longitudinal axis and compression on the other side

Question 4

center of gravity

Answer 4

point around which a body’s weight is equally balanced, no matter how the body is positioned

Question 5

combined loading

Answer 5

simultaneous action of more than one of the pure forms of loading

Question 6

compression

Answer 6

pressing or squeezing force directed axially through a body

Question 7

deformation

Answer 7

change in shape

Question 8

density

Answer 8

mass per unit of volume

Question 9

failure

Answer 9

loss of mechanical continuity

Question 10

force

Answer 10

push or pull; product of mass and acceleration

Question 11

free body diagram

Answer 11

sketch that shows a defined system in isolation with all of the force vectors acting on the system

Question 12

impulse

Answer 12

product of force and the time over which the force acts

Question 13

inertia

Answer 13

tendency of a body to resist a change in its state of motion

Question 14

mass

Answer 14

quantity of matter contained in an object

Question 15

net force

Answer 15

resultant force derived from the composition of two or more forces

Question 16

pressure

Answer 16

force per unit of area over which a force acts

Question 17

repetitive loading

Answer 17

repeated application of a subacute load that is usually of relatively low magnitude

Question 18

scalar

Answer 18

physical quantity that is completely described by its magnitude

Question 19

shear

Answer 19

force directed parallel to a surface

Question 20

specific weight

Answer 20

weight per unit of volume

Question 21

stress

Answer 21

Distribution of force within a body, quantified as force divided by the area over which the force acts

Question 22

tension

Answer 22

pulling or stretching force directed axially through a body

Question 23

torque

Answer 23

rotary effect of a force

Question 24

torsion

Answer 24

load-producing twisting of a body around its longitudinal axis

Question 25

vector

Answer 25

physical quantity that possess both magnitude and direction

Question 26

vector composition

Answer 26

process of determining a single vector from two or more vectors by vector addition

Question 27

vector resolution

Answer 27

operation that replaces a single vector with two perpendicular vectors such that the vector composition of the two perpendicular vectors yields the original vector

Question 28

volume

Answer 28

amount of three-dimensional space occupied by a body

Question 29

weight

Answer 29

gravitational force that the earth exerts on a body

Question 30

yield point (elastic limit)

Answer 30

point on the load deformation curve past which deformation is permanent