Ch.6 Metabolism

Question 1

Bioenergetics

Answer 1

concept of energy flow through living systems

Question 2

Metabolism

Answer 2

all chemical reactions that transpire inside cells, including those that use and release energy

Question 3

Metabolic Pathway

Answer 3

series of interconnected biochemical reactions that convert a substrate molecule through a series of metabolic intermediates yielding a final project

Question 4

Anabolic

Answer 4

building

requires energy

Question 5

Catabolic

Answer 5

breaking down

releases energy

Question 6

Anabolic pathways

Answer 6

requires an input of energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones
do not happen spontaneously

Question 7

Catabolic pathways

Answer 7

involve degrading complex molecules into simpler molecules

Question 8

free energy

Answer 8

energy that takes place with a chemical reaction after we account for entropy, usable energy

Question 9

Enthalpy

Answer 9

total energy change in the system

Question 10

Exergonic Reactions

Answer 10

energy releases causing free energy to be negative also meaning products have less free energy than the reactants

Question 11

Endergonic Reactions

Answer 11

chemical reaction requires an energy input rather than releasing energy, free energy is positive
non-spontaneous

Question 12

Activation Energy

Answer 12

amount of energy input necessary for all chemical reactions to occur

Question 13

Heat Energy

Answer 13

total bond energy of reactants or products in chemical reaction speeds molecule motion increasing frequency and force to collide

Question 14

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 14

total amount of energy of energy in the universe is constant and can not be created or destroyed

Question 15

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 15

no energy transfer is completely efficient

most energy is lost as heat energy

Question 16

Entropy

Answer 16

measure of randomness or disorder within a system

high entropy= high disorganization

Question 17

ATP

Answer 17

fast energy, adenosine backbone with 3 phosphate groups attaches

Question 18

Enzymes

Answer 18

do not change wether reaction is exergonic or endergonic only reduce activation energy necessary

Question 19

Substrates

Answer 19

chemical reactants that an enzyme binds to

Question 20

Active Site

Answer 20

location on enzyme where substrate binds (action happens)

Question 21

Induced Fit

Answer 21

new idea of dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate where a mild shift in enzyme’s structure makes the fit

Question 22

Competitive Inhibition

Answer 22

inhibitor molecule binds to an enzyme rather than substrate to to block binding

Question 23

Non-competitive Inhibition

Answer 23

binding takes place normally outside active site and is blocked

Question 24

Allosteric Inhibition

Answer 24

modifies the enzymes active site so that substrate binding is reduced or prevented

Question 25

Allosteric Activation

Answer 25

modifies enzymes active site so that substrate binding increases

Question 26

Cofactors

Answer 26

inorganic ions that help enzymes work

Question 27

Coenzymes

Answer 27

organic helper molecules (vitamins)

Question 28

Feedback Inhibition

Answer 28

uses a reaction product to regulate its own further production

Question 29

DNA replication is an ____ process

Answer 29

anabolic

Question 30

Best way to judge the relative activation energies between two given chemical reactions

Answer 30

compare reaction rates

Question 31

What is false about endergonic and exergonic reactions

Answer 31

endergonic is slow

exergonic is fast

Question 32

the energy released by hydrolysis of ATP is providing energy to…

Answer 32

coupled reactions

Question 33

Most potential energy

Answer 33

sucrose (disaccharide)

Question 34

what does an allosteric inhibitor do

Answer 34

binds to an enzyme away from the active site and changes the conformation of the active site, decreasing its affinity to the substrate

Question 35

Physical exercise uses both…

Answer 35

anabolic and catabolic processes

Question 36

instantaneous reaction

Answer 36

one that happens right away like lighting something flammable

Question 37

spontaneous reaction

Answer 37

can and will happen without the need of anything to set it off but can take anywhere from a few minutes to hours

Question 38

Ea (activation energy) for hydrolysis is relatively low because it is

Answer 38

an exergonic reaction