Ch.6 Metabolism Flashcards
Bioenergetics
concept of energy flow through living systems
Metabolism
all chemical reactions that transpire inside cells, including those that use and release energy
Metabolic Pathway
series of interconnected biochemical reactions that convert a substrate molecule through a series of metabolic intermediates yielding a final project
Anabolic
building
requires energy
Catabolic
breaking down
releases energy
Anabolic pathways
requires an input of energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones
do not happen spontaneously
Catabolic pathways
involve degrading complex molecules into simpler molecules
free energy
energy that takes place with a chemical reaction after we account for entropy, usable energy
Enthalpy
total energy change in the system
Exergonic Reactions
energy releases causing free energy to be negative also meaning products have less free energy than the reactants
Endergonic Reactions
chemical reaction requires an energy input rather than releasing energy, free energy is positive
non-spontaneous
Activation Energy
amount of energy input necessary for all chemical reactions to occur
Heat Energy
total bond energy of reactants or products in chemical reaction speeds molecule motion increasing frequency and force to collide
First Law of Thermodynamics
total amount of energy of energy in the universe is constant and can not be created or destroyed
Second Law of Thermodynamics
no energy transfer is completely efficient
most energy is lost as heat energy
Entropy
measure of randomness or disorder within a system
high entropy= high disorganization
ATP
fast energy, adenosine backbone with 3 phosphate groups attaches
Enzymes
do not change wether reaction is exergonic or endergonic only reduce activation energy necessary
Substrates
chemical reactants that an enzyme binds to
Active Site
location on enzyme where substrate binds (action happens)
Induced Fit
new idea of dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate where a mild shift in enzyme’s structure makes the fit
Competitive Inhibition
inhibitor molecule binds to an enzyme rather than substrate to to block binding
Non-competitive Inhibition
binding takes place normally outside active site and is blocked
Allosteric Inhibition
modifies the enzymes active site so that substrate binding is reduced or prevented
