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Bio 181 FINAL > Ch. 4 Cell Structure > Flashcards

Ch. 4 Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Plasma membrane

A

controls substances passing in and out of the cell
channel or gate proteins allow passage
cholesterol provides

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2
Q

Cytoplasm

A

semifluid mixture containing cell components

region between plasma membrane and nuclear envelope

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3
Q

Cell Theory

A

cells are fundamental units of life
all living things have one or more cells
cells arise from preexisting cells
cell is basic unit of structure

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4
Q

Prokaryote

A

simple, mostly single celled organism that lacks nucleus and other nucleus bound organelle

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5
Q

pilli

A

exchange genetic information

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6
Q

nucleoid

A

irregularly shaped cytoplasm containing DNA

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7
Q

Surface to Volume Ratio

A

restricts cell size by limiting set volume of cell

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8
Q

Eukaryotic

A

all protists, animals, fungi, plants have true nucleus

carry out much of their metabolism inside membrane closed organelles

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9
Q

Organelles

A

structures that carry out special metabolic functions

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10
Q

Rough ER

A

modifies proteins made by ribosomes attached to it

ribosomes transfer newly synthesized proteinsto R’s lumen where they undergo structural modifications

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11
Q

Smooth ER

A

makes lipids, breaks down carbs and fats , inactivates toxins

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12
Q

Golgi Body

A

finishes, sorts, ships, lipids, enzymes and proteins

folded membrane containing enzymes that finish polypeptides and lipids delivered by the ER

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13
Q

Lysosome

A

digests, recycles materials

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14
Q

Nucleus

A

contains and protects DNA

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15
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

controls when DNA is accessed
has two lipid bilayers pressed together
DNA organized into chromosomes

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16
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

viscous fluid inside the nuclear envelope similar to cytoplasm

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17
Q

Nucleolus

A

dense region in the nucleus where subunits of ribosomes are assembled from proteins and RNA

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18
Q

Chromosomes

A

single DNA molecule with its attached proteins

during cell division chromatin condense to form chromosomes

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19
Q

Human body has how many chromosomes

A

46

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20
Q

Chromatin

A

all DNA and its associated proteins in the nucleus

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21
Q

Ribosomes

A

responsible for protein synthesis

either in clusters or free floating

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22
Q

Mitochondria

A

powerhouse of the cell
inherited from mother
makes ATP

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23
Q

Cristae

A

inner layer folds of mitochondria

maximizes surface area

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24
Q

Peroxisomes

A

small round organelles enclosed by single membranes that carry out oxidation reactions that break down fatty acids and amino acids
detox body of poisons
detox alcohol in liver

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25
Q

vesicles

A

membranes can fuse with either the plasma membrane or other membrane systems in cells

26
Q

Vacuole

A

membrane does not fuse with other membranes stays in cell

27
Q

Microtubule Organizing Centers

A

animals have centrioles complex we call the centrosome and lysosomes

28
Q

Centrosome

A

microtubule organizing center found near the nuclei of animal cells
contains pairs of centrioles, structures that are perpendicular to each other

29
Q

Chloroplast

A

plant cell organelles that carry out photosynthesis and have own DNA and ribosomes

30
Q

Photosynthesis

A

series of reactions that use carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to make glucose and oxygen

31
Q

Thylakoids

A

set of interconnected and stacked fluid filled membrane sacs

32
Q

Chlorophyll

A

green pigment that captures light energy that drives the reactions of photosynthesis

33
Q

Central Vacuole

A

regulates the cells concentration of water in changing environmental conditions and supports cell expansion

34
Q

Endomembrane System

A 
Nuclear Envelope
Lysosomes
Vesicles
ER
Golgi Apparatus
Plasma Membrane
35
Q

Lysosomes

A

digestive component and organelle recycling facility of animal cells

36
Q

Cytoskeleton

A 
network of protein fibers
helps cell maintain shape
secures organelles in position
allow cytoplasm and vesicles to move within the cell
allows multicellular organisms to move
37
Q

Microfilaments

A

narrowest thicken cortex around cells inner edge and resist tension

38
Q

Movement of Myosin

A

accessory proteins will use ATP

39
Q

Intermediate Fillaments

A

have a purely structural function
anchor nucleus and other organelles in place and connection
bear tension, maintain cell shape

40
Q

Microtubules

A

small hallow tubes comprised of polymerized dimers of a-tubulin and and b-tubulin
widest components at 25mm

41
Q

Flagella

A

long hair like structures that extend from the plasma membrane and enable the entire cell to move

42
Q

Cilia

A

many extend along the plasma membranes entire surface

43
Q

ECM

A

present on outside surface of most animal cells
rich in polysaccharide and proteins
collagen
cell receptors

44
Q

Cell Junctions

A

allows cells to interact with each other and the environment

45
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

numerous channels that pass between adjacent plant cells walls connect their cytoplasm and enable transport of materials from cell to cell
structural modifications

46
Q

Tight Junction

A

watertight seal between two adjacent animals cells
proteins tightly hold the cells against each other
prevents materials from leaking
stomach lining

47
Q

Desmosomes

A

act like spot welds between adjacent epithelial cells
cadherins, short proteins in the plasma membrane connect intermediate fillaments to create the desmosomes strong material
maintains cells in sheet like formation

48
Q

Gap Junctions

A

like plasmodesmata in animal cells
channels between adjacent cells that allow for transporting ions, nutrients, and other substances to communicate
structurally unlike plasmodesmata, develop when set of six proteins in the plasma membrane arrange themselves in an elongated donut like configuration

49
Q

What do prokaryotes depend on to obtain some materials and get rid of wastes

A

diffusion

50
Q

Bacteria that lack fimbre are less likely to

A

adhere to cell surfaces

51
Q

nucleoplasm is surrounded by

A

two phospholipid bilayers

52
Q

peroxisomes get their name bc

A

hydrogen peroxide is produced during their oxidation reactions

53
Q

function of lysosomes are carried out by

A

vacuoles

54
Q

what is in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

ribosomes

55
Q

what is not a component of the endomembrane system

A

mitochondria

56
Q

process where cell engulfs a foreign particle is known as

A

phagocytosis

57
Q

highest concentration of smooth ER

A

cell producing lots of Steroids

58
Q

glycoprotein disorder of the group

A

golgi apparatus

59
Q

which have the ability to disassemble and reform quickly

A

microfillaments and microtubules

60
Q

which do not play a role in intercellular movement

A

intermediate fillaments

61
Q

the key components of desmosomes are

A

cadhesins and intermediate fillaments

Bio 181 FINAL (12 decks)

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