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Bio 181 FINAL > Ch. 4 Cell Structure > Flashcards

Ch. 4 Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma membrane

A

controls substances passing in and out of the cell
channel or gate proteins allow passage
cholesterol provides

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2
Q

Cytoplasm

A

semifluid mixture containing cell components

region between plasma membrane and nuclear envelope

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3
Q

Cell Theory

A

cells are fundamental units of life
all living things have one or more cells
cells arise from preexisting cells
cell is basic unit of structure

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4
Q

Prokaryote

A

simple, mostly single celled organism that lacks nucleus and other nucleus bound organelle

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5
Q

pilli

A

exchange genetic information

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6
Q

nucleoid

A

irregularly shaped cytoplasm containing DNA

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7
Q

Surface to Volume Ratio

A

restricts cell size by limiting set volume of cell

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8
Q

Eukaryotic

A

all protists, animals, fungi, plants have true nucleus

carry out much of their metabolism inside membrane closed organelles

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9
Q

Organelles

A

structures that carry out special metabolic functions

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10
Q

Rough ER

A

modifies proteins made by ribosomes attached to it

ribosomes transfer newly synthesized proteinsto R’s lumen where they undergo structural modifications

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11
Q

Smooth ER

A

makes lipids, breaks down carbs and fats , inactivates toxins

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12
Q

Golgi Body

A

finishes, sorts, ships, lipids, enzymes and proteins

folded membrane containing enzymes that finish polypeptides and lipids delivered by the ER

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13
Q

Lysosome

A

digests, recycles materials

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14
Q

Nucleus

A

contains and protects DNA

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15
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

controls when DNA is accessed
has two lipid bilayers pressed together
DNA organized into chromosomes

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16
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

viscous fluid inside the nuclear envelope similar to cytoplasm

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17
Q

Nucleolus

A

dense region in the nucleus where subunits of ribosomes are assembled from proteins and RNA

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18
Q

Chromosomes

A

single DNA molecule with its attached proteins

during cell division chromatin condense to form chromosomes

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19
Q

Human body has how many chromosomes

A

46

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20
Q

Chromatin

A

all DNA and its associated proteins in the nucleus

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21
Q

Ribosomes

A

responsible for protein synthesis

either in clusters or free floating

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22
Q

Mitochondria

A

powerhouse of the cell
inherited from mother
makes ATP

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23
Q

Cristae

A

inner layer folds of mitochondria

maximizes surface area

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24
Q

Peroxisomes

A

small round organelles enclosed by single membranes that carry out oxidation reactions that break down fatty acids and amino acids
detox body of poisons
detox alcohol in liver

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25
vesicles
membranes can fuse with either the plasma membrane or other membrane systems in cells
26
Vacuole
membrane does not fuse with other membranes stays in cell
27
Microtubule Organizing Centers
animals have centrioles complex we call the centrosome and lysosomes
28
Centrosome
microtubule organizing center found near the nuclei of animal cells contains pairs of centrioles, structures that are perpendicular to each other
29
Chloroplast
plant cell organelles that carry out photosynthesis and have own DNA and ribosomes
30
Photosynthesis
series of reactions that use carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to make glucose and oxygen
31
Thylakoids
set of interconnected and stacked fluid filled membrane sacs
32
Chlorophyll
green pigment that captures light energy that drives the reactions of photosynthesis
33
Central Vacuole
regulates the cells concentration of water in changing environmental conditions and supports cell expansion
34
Endomembrane System
``` Nuclear Envelope Lysosomes Vesicles ER Golgi Apparatus Plasma Membrane ```
35
Lysosomes
digestive component and organelle recycling facility of animal cells
36
Cytoskeleton
``` network of protein fibers helps cell maintain shape secures organelles in position allow cytoplasm and vesicles to move within the cell allows multicellular organisms to move ```
37
Microfilaments
narrowest thicken cortex around cells inner edge and resist tension
38
Movement of Myosin
accessory proteins will use ATP
39
Intermediate Fillaments
have a purely structural function anchor nucleus and other organelles in place and connection bear tension, maintain cell shape
40
Microtubules
small hallow tubes comprised of polymerized dimers of a-tubulin and and b-tubulin widest components at 25mm
41
Flagella
long hair like structures that extend from the plasma membrane and enable the entire cell to move
42
Cilia
many extend along the plasma membranes entire surface
43
ECM
present on outside surface of most animal cells rich in polysaccharide and proteins collagen cell receptors
44
Cell Junctions
allows cells to interact with each other and the environment
45
Plasmodesmata
numerous channels that pass between adjacent plant cells walls connect their cytoplasm and enable transport of materials from cell to cell structural modifications
46
Tight Junction
watertight seal between two adjacent animals cells proteins tightly hold the cells against each other prevents materials from leaking stomach lining
47
Desmosomes
act like spot welds between adjacent epithelial cells cadherins, short proteins in the plasma membrane connect intermediate fillaments to create the desmosomes strong material maintains cells in sheet like formation
48
Gap Junctions
like plasmodesmata in animal cells channels between adjacent cells that allow for transporting ions, nutrients, and other substances to communicate structurally unlike plasmodesmata, develop when set of six proteins in the plasma membrane arrange themselves in an elongated donut like configuration
49
What do prokaryotes depend on to obtain some materials and get rid of wastes
diffusion
50
Bacteria that lack fimbre are less likely to
adhere to cell surfaces
51
nucleoplasm is surrounded by
two phospholipid bilayers
52
peroxisomes get their name bc
hydrogen peroxide is produced during their oxidation reactions
53
function of lysosomes are carried out by
vacuoles
54
what is in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
ribosomes
55
what is not a component of the endomembrane system
mitochondria
56
process where cell engulfs a foreign particle is known as
phagocytosis
57
highest concentration of smooth ER
cell producing lots of Steroids
58
glycoprotein disorder of the group
golgi apparatus
59
which have the ability to disassemble and reform quickly
microfillaments and microtubules
60
which do not play a role in intercellular movement
intermediate fillaments
61
the key components of desmosomes are
cadhesins and intermediate fillaments

Bio 181 FINAL (12 decks)

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