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Bio 181 FINAL > Ch.5 Structure and Function of Plasma Membranes > Flashcards

Ch.5 Structure and Function of Plasma Membranes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Fluid Mosaic Model

A

describes the plasma membrane structure as mosaic of components

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2
Q

Liposomes

A

bilayer sphere

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3
Q

Misceles

A

single lipid sphere

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4
Q

Integral Proteins

A

integrate completely into membrane structure

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5
Q

Peripheral Proteins

A

not completely integrated in membrane interior or exterior

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6
Q

Selectively Permeable

A

allowing some substances to pass through but not others

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7
Q

Passive Transport

A

naturally occuring, does not require extra energy from cell

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8
Q

Diffusion

A

movement across a selectively permeable membrane and down the concentration gradient (goal is to equalize solution concentration)
each will have own gradient

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9
Q

What affects the Concentration Gradient

A 
steepness of concentration gradient
size of molecule
temperature
solvent density
solubility
surface area and thickness and plasma membrane
distance travelled
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10
Q

concentration gradient

A

difference in concentration between two adjacent regions

molecules move from high concentration to low

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11
Q

Facilitated transport/ facilitated diffusion

A

materials diffuse across membrane with the help of membrane proteins

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12
Q

transport proteins

A

integral proteins involved function as either channels or carriers for material

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13
Q

channel proteins

A

phillic channels allow polar molecules to cross

can either be constantly open or gated

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14
Q

carrier proteins

A

move bound molecule to cell out to in

depending on gradient may move in opposite direction

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15
Q

osmosis

A

movement of water down its concentration gradient
inversely proportional to solutes concentration
moves from lower solute concentration to region of higher solute concentration

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16
Q

Tonicity

A

describes how an extracellular solution can change a cells volume by affecting osmosis

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17
Q

Osmolarity

A

solutions total solute concentration

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18
Q

low osmolarity

A

greater number of water molecules relative to solute particles

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19
Q

high osmolarity

A

fewer number of water molecules relative to solute particles

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20
Q

Hypotonic

A

extracellular fluid= low osmolarity

water will enter cell

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21
Q

Hypertonic

A

cytoplasm = low osmolarity
extracellular fluid
water will leave the cell

22
Q

Isotonic

A

same osmolarity all around

23
Q

crenate

A

cell shrinks

24
Q

lyse

A

cell burst

25
Q

plasmolysis

A

cell membrane detaches from cell wall and constricts the cytoplasm
cell wall prevent lysing by acting like a barrier
plants cytoplasm always slightly hypertonic to cell environment so water enters the cell

26
Q

How do substances cross the membrane

A

passive transport
active transport
endocytosis and exocytosis

27
Q

Active Transport

A

mechanisms require the cells energy ATP

moves solute against concentration gradient usually thru a pore, channel, gate

28
Q

Electrochemical Gradient

A

combined gradient of concentration and electrical charge that affects an ion
cells mostly negative inside

29
Q

Active Transport Mechanisms/ pumps

A

work against electrochemical gradient

depend on a cell’s metabolism for energy so sensitive to to metabolic poisons that interfere with ATP supply

30
Q

Primary Active Transport

A

moves ions across a membrane which is dependant on ATP

31
Q

Secondary Active Transport

A

does not directly require ATP , movement of material due to the electrochemical gradient established by primary active transport

32
Q

Transporters

A

carrier proteins or pumps used to fascilitate movement

33
Q

Uniporter

A

carries one specific ion of molecule

34
Q

Symporter

A

carries two different ions or molecules both in same direction

35
Q

Antiporter

A

carries two different ions or molecules in different directions

36
Q

Electrogenic Pump

A

pump creates a charge imbalance, creating electrical imbalance across the membrane and contributing to the membrane potential

37
Q

Exocytosis

A

fusion of vesicle with the cell membrane, releasing contents into surroundings (exit cell)

38
Q

Endocytosis

A

formation of a vesicle from cell membrane, enclosing materials near the cell surface and bringing them into the cell (enter cell)

39
Q

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis

A

specific molecules bind to surface receptors, which are then enclosed in an endocytic vesicle

40
Q

Phagocytosis

A

larger target particles such as microbes or cellular debris are engulfed by pseudopods which merge as a vesicle which fuses with a lysosome in the cell (cell eating LARGE)

41
Q

Pinocytosis

A

a less selective endocytic pathway that brings small volume fluid into the cell (cell drinking SMALL)

42
Q

Clathrin

A

coats plasma membrane to prepare for phagocytosis and stabalizes this membrane section

43
Q

Potocytosis

A

variation of pinocytosis and uses coating protein caveolin similarly to clathrin

44
Q

plasma membrane component can either be found on its surface or embedded in its structure

A

protein

45
Q

what keeps bilayer fluid

A

cholesterol

46
Q

water moves via____ from an area of high water concentration to one with a lower water concentration

A

osmosis

47
Q

what happens with freshwater organisms

A

take in too much water

48
Q

when would passive transport not use a transport protein for cell entry

A

oxygen moving into a cell after oxygen deprivaton

49
Q

what happens to the membrane of a vesicle after exocytosis

A

becomes part of plasma membrane

50
Q

what brings a whole cell into a cell

A

phagocytosis

51
Q

`for a virus to use receptor mediated endocytosis

A

because it only targets a specific substance

52
Q

what organelle relies on exocytosis to complete its function

A

golgi aparatus

Bio 181 FINAL (12 decks)

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