Ch.6 Bones Flashcards
Axial Bones
Skull, ribs, vertebral column, protect organs
Appendicular Bones
limbs pelvis and everything else, move us
Long bones
Femur, metacarpals
Short bones
talus, and scaphoid
Flat bones
flat, like the scapula and sternum
Irregular bones
Pelvis, vertebrae
compact bone
tough outer layer of the bone
Spongy bone
found in the epiphysis end, made of trabeculae and has bone marrow
Trabeculae
aka cancellous bone helps reduce stress on bone,
Diaphysis
Shaft of bone, epiphysis is the ends of bone
medullary cavity
inside of the diaphysis, hold yellow bone marrow among other things
yellow bone marrow
fat storage
Osteons
Cylindrical tubes within tubes that run along the diaphysis, contains lamellae
lamellae
are the rings that have collagen fibers running in different directions to resists torsion
central canals
aka Harversian Canal are inside of osteons and they hold nerves and blood vessels and other stuff
lacunae
are between the lamellae and house your osteocytes.
Osteoblasts
make and restore bone, make the matrix, and make collagen fibers
Osteoclasts
beak down bone
Resorption
process where osteoclasts break down bone and return the materials to the bloodstream
apoptosis
process of osteoclasts destroying themselves
Structural Classification
Classifying joints by what they’re made of
Functional Classification
Classifying joints by what they do and how they move
Synarthroses
non moving joints (like in your skull)
Amphiarthroses
partial moving joints like the pubic bones
Diarthrosis
Fully movable joints, like limbs
Fibrous joints
connect bones with dense fibrous tissue
Cartilaginous joints
unite bones using cartilage, don’t move much,
Synovial joints
has a joint cavity, synovial fluid and membrane to lubricate limb joints
Sesamoid bones
embedded in tendons and protect them, like the patella, the knee cap
Periosteum
tissue associated with the outside bone
Endosteum
tissue associated with the inside bone
Metaphysis
has hyaline cartilage and connects diaphysis and epiphysis and has the epiphysial growth plate
Articular cartilage
cartilage at the end of bones that connects to other bones, covers the joint surface
Surface markings / landmarks in bone
different textures and opening on bone that allow for passage of tissue or formation of joints
Fissure
narrow slit (orbitals, eyes)
Foramen
opening, like in the occipital bone of the skull
Fossa
shallow depression
Sulcus
furrow/groove, on the humorous
Meatus
tube-like opening
Condyle
Round large protuberance (like end of femur) bone mark
Facet
slightly concave bone mark like in the vertebrae
Head
rounded articular projection like the hip
Crest
Prominent ridge like a crest, like in pelvis
Epicondyle
roughed projection above a condyle
line
long narrow ridge
Spinous Process
sharp, slender
Trochanter
large projection
Tubercle
variable sized rounded projection
Tuberosity
Variable sized projection
Osteoprogenitor cells
Stem cells that mature into osteoblasts
Osteocytes
maintain bone tissue
Bone ECM is made of
water 15%, collagen fibers 30% , 55% Crystalized mineral salts hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate. This is what make bones hard. Acidic environment breaks it down.
Canaliculi
small canals with ECF
Intramembranous Bones
Develop from layers of membrane, mostly flat bones
Endochondral bone
bones that develop from hyaline tissue
Deposition
action of osteoblasts and calcitonin
What do thyroid and parathyroid glands do?
send the signal for deposition and resorption.
Rickets
Vitamin D deficiency causes fragile bones
Osteoporosis
decreased bone mineral density, Resorption outpaces deposition.
Osteomalacia
Due to vitamin D deficiency
open fracture
poking out of skin fracture
Comminuted Fracture
crushed or broken into smaller pieces
Greenstick fracture
partial fracture
Impact fracture
part of bone is driven into another
Reduction
realignment of bone, can be open or closed
Immobilization
preventing bone from moving
Reactive Phase
When Tissue responds to injury, formation of fracture hematoma
Reparative phase
fibrocartilage callus formation, that turn into bony callus
Bone remodeling phase
fracture heals
