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Anatomy > Ch.6 Bones > Flashcards

Ch.6 Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Axial Bones

A

Skull, ribs, vertebral column, protect organs

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2
Q

Appendicular Bones

A

limbs pelvis and everything else, move us

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3
Q

Long bones

A

Femur, metacarpals

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4
Q

Short bones

A

talus, and scaphoid

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5
Q

Flat bones

A

flat, like the scapula and sternum

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6
Q

Irregular bones

A

Pelvis, vertebrae

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7
Q

compact bone

A

tough outer layer of the bone

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8
Q

Spongy bone

A

found in the epiphysis end, made of trabeculae and has bone marrow

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9
Q

Trabeculae

A

aka cancellous bone helps reduce stress on bone,

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10
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of bone, epiphysis is the ends of bone

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11
Q

medullary cavity

A

inside of the diaphysis, hold yellow bone marrow among other things

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12
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

fat storage

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13
Q

Osteons

A

Cylindrical tubes within tubes that run along the diaphysis, contains lamellae

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14
Q

lamellae

A

are the rings that have collagen fibers running in different directions to resists torsion

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15
Q

central canals

A

aka Harversian Canal are inside of osteons and they hold nerves and blood vessels and other stuff

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16
Q

lacunae

A

are between the lamellae and house your osteocytes.

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17
Q

Osteoblasts

A

make and restore bone, make the matrix, and make collagen fibers

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18
Q

Osteoclasts

A

beak down bone

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19
Q

Resorption

A

process where osteoclasts break down bone and return the materials to the bloodstream

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20
Q

apoptosis

A

process of osteoclasts destroying themselves

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21
Q

Structural Classification

A

Classifying joints by what they’re made of

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22
Q

Functional Classification

A

Classifying joints by what they do and how they move

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23
Q

Synarthroses

A

non moving joints (like in your skull)

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24
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

partial moving joints like the pubic bones

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25
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Fully movable joints, like limbs

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26
Q

Fibrous joints

A

connect bones with dense fibrous tissue

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27
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

unite bones using cartilage, don’t move much,

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28
Q

Synovial joints

A

has a joint cavity, synovial fluid and membrane to lubricate limb joints

29
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

embedded in tendons and protect them, like the patella, the knee cap

30
Q

Periosteum

A

tissue associated with the outside bone

31
Q

Endosteum

A

tissue associated with the inside bone

32
Q

Metaphysis

A

has hyaline cartilage and connects diaphysis and epiphysis and has the epiphysial growth plate

33
Q

Articular cartilage

A

cartilage at the end of bones that connects to other bones, covers the joint surface

34
Q

Surface markings / landmarks in bone

A

different textures and opening on bone that allow for passage of tissue or formation of joints

35
Q

Fissure

A

narrow slit (orbitals, eyes)

36
Q

Foramen

A

opening, like in the occipital bone of the skull

37
Q

Fossa

A

shallow depression

38
Q

Sulcus

A

furrow/groove, on the humorous

39
Q

Meatus

A

tube-like opening

40
Q

Condyle

A

Round large protuberance (like end of femur) bone mark

41
Q

Facet

A

slightly concave bone mark like in the vertebrae

42
Q

Head

A

rounded articular projection like the hip

43
Q

Crest

A

Prominent ridge like a crest, like in pelvis

44
Q

Epicondyle

A

roughed projection above a condyle

45
Q

line

A

long narrow ridge

46
Q

Spinous Process

A

sharp, slender

47
Q

Trochanter

A

large projection

48
Q

Tubercle

A

variable sized rounded projection

49
Q

Tuberosity

A

Variable sized projection

50
Q

Osteoprogenitor cells

A

Stem cells that mature into osteoblasts

51
Q

Osteocytes

A

maintain bone tissue

52
Q

Bone ECM is made of

A

water 15%, collagen fibers 30% , 55% Crystalized mineral salts hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate. This is what make bones hard. Acidic environment breaks it down.

53
Q

Canaliculi

A

small canals with ECF

54
Q

Intramembranous Bones

A

Develop from layers of membrane, mostly flat bones

55
Q

Endochondral bone

A

bones that develop from hyaline tissue

56
Q

Deposition

A

action of osteoblasts and calcitonin

57
Q

What do thyroid and parathyroid glands do?

A

send the signal for deposition and resorption.

58
Q

Rickets

A

Vitamin D deficiency causes fragile bones

59
Q

Osteoporosis

A

decreased bone mineral density, Resorption outpaces deposition.

60
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Due to vitamin D deficiency

61
Q

open fracture

A

poking out of skin fracture

62
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

crushed or broken into smaller pieces

63
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

partial fracture

64
Q

Impact fracture

A

part of bone is driven into another

65
Q

Reduction

A

realignment of bone, can be open or closed

66
Q

Immobilization

A

preventing bone from moving

67
Q

Reactive Phase

A

When Tissue responds to injury, formation of fracture hematoma

68
Q

Reparative phase

A

fibrocartilage callus formation, that turn into bony callus

69
Q

Bone remodeling phase

A

fracture heals

Anatomy (10 decks)

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