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A&P 1 > Ch.6 > Flashcards

Ch.6 Flashcards

1
Q

The skin, as an organ, is also referred to as the

A

cutaneous membrane

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2
Q

Integumentary system includes

A

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands

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3
Q

What are intradermal injections

A

administered into the dermis

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4
Q

What happens to keratinocytes as they are pushed from the deeper layers of the epidermis towards the surface?

A

They die

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5
Q

What tissue type forms most of the dermis?

A

dense, irregular connective

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6
Q

Nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis are associated with what structures?

A

muscle, gland, sensory receptors

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7
Q

What are dermal papillae

A

projections of dermal tissue

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8
Q

The blank is thicker than the blank

A

dermis; epidermis

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9
Q

Melanin is confined to what area of the skin?

A

epidermis

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10
Q

Why does exposure to ultraviolet light darken the skin?

A

stimulates synthesis of melanin

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11
Q

What epidermal layer consists of a single layer of columnar cells that undergo mitosis?

A

stratum basale

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12
Q

What determines color of the skin?

A

amount of melanin

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13
Q

The subcutaneous layer is made up of what tissue types?

A

aureola and adipose

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14
Q

Blood vessels from what layer supply epidermal cells with nutrients?

A

dermis

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15
Q

Skin plays an important role in production what vitamin?

A

D

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16
Q

Dark hair is due to having more what?

A

eumelanin

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17
Q

Arrector pili muscles are attached to what feature of the skin?

A

hair follicles

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18
Q

What is secreted by sebaceous glands?

A

sebum (oils)

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19
Q

Where are apocrine sweat glands most abundant?

A

axillae and groin

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20
Q

How do merocrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands?

A

sebaceous has oil, merocrine water, sweaty

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21
Q

Type of glands secrete breast milk and ear wax

A

specialized glands

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22
Q

Primary means of body heat loss

A

radiation

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23
Q

What is normal response to excessive loss of body heat in a cold environment

A

dermal blood vessels constricting; shivering

24
Q

Sweating results in loss of body heat by what means

A

evaporation

25
Q

What is convection

A

heat loss due to circulating air currents

26
Q

As body temp increases, the dermal blood vessels are stillmulated to what

A

dilate

27
Q

The homeostatic mechanism that maintains body temp has what as its control center

A

hypothalamus

28
Q

How can the body generate heat when one gets chilled

A

increase skeletal muscle activity

29
Q

As a person ages, what happens to their skin

A

thins, loses fat, wrinkles

30
Q

Why do elderly have more difficulty maintaining a stable body temp

A

decrease in fat below skin, decrease sweat glands

31
Q

What change to the skin would cause wrinkles to occur during aging

A

reduced elastin and collagen, dermis smaller

32
Q

Basement membrane separates what

A

epidermis from dermis

33
Q

The blank of the blank layer is important in conserving body heat

A

adipose ; subcutaneous

34
Q

What cell type can lead to cutaneous melanomas

A

melanocytes

35
Q

Superficial layer of epidermal cells are what shape

A

squamous

36
Q

What epidermal cell type responds to light touch by stimulating sensory nerve endings

A

tactile

37
Q

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation increases the risk of developing what

A

skin cance

38
Q

What feature of the skin gives it elasticity and toughness

A

connective tissue in dermis

39
Q

Feature of skin that is involved in acne

A

sebaceous glands

40
Q

Why does the elevated body temp seen with a fever develop

A

set point for body temp becomes elevated

41
Q

What is the largest organs of the body by weight

A

skin

42
Q

what condition results from a complete lack of melanin

A

ablinism

43
Q

As keratinocytes age, and are pushed further away from dermis, they develop _____ which help fasten the cells tightly tog.

A

desmosomes

44
Q

Granules called _____ serve to transfer pigment from melanocytes to nearby keratinocytes

A

melanosomes

45
Q

What is the cause of cyanosis

A

low blood oxygen levels

46
Q

You step out of the shower and vigorously rub your skin w/ a towel. If you were able to analyze the towel, you would find skin cells. They are most likely what type of cell?

A

keratincytes

47
Q

Layer of epidermis that is absent from the skin

A

stratum lucidum

48
Q

Water loss from the skin is minimal because of the structure of the ____

A

epidermis

49
Q

Order of epidermal strata, from superficial to deep

A

stratum corner, stratum lucid, stratum granulosum, stratum sponosum, stratum basale

50
Q

What is keratin and what does it do

A

protein; waterproofs the skin

51
Q

Structures within the skin, called accessory structures, originate from what?

A

epidermis

52
Q

What cell type produces the nail plates?

A

specialized epithelial cells

53
Q

Nail plate and bed relationship/location

A

plate lies in the nail bed

54
Q

What gives nails their hardness

A

keratin cells

55
Q

What forms the shafts of hair?

A

dead epidermal cells

56
Q

Why might a

A
57
Q
A

A&P 1 (8 decks)

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