Ch. 13

Question 1

What do all hormones have in common?

Answer 1

organic compounds

Question 2

What is true for steroid hormones?

Answer 2

Can defuse through lipid bilayer due to being soluble in lipids

Question 3

How does a non steroid hormone effect change in a target cell?

Answer 3

synthesis of a 2nd messenger

Question 4

What is the effect of a steroid hormone binding to a receptor in a target cell?

Answer 4

directly causes protein synthesis

Question 5

Where are hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary synthesized?

Answer 5

hupothalamus

Question 6

An unregulated cell has an increase in what?

Answer 6

number of receptors available for binding

Question 7

What causes up regulation of a target cell’s receptors?

Answer 7

prolonged decrease in hormone level

Question 8

What causes down regulation of a target cell?

Answer 8

prolonged elevated hormone level

Question 9

What controls most hormone concentrations?

Answer 9

negative feedback loops

Question 10

A hormone with an effect that lasts for days would have a _____ half life

Answer 10

long

Question 11

What are tropic hormones?

Answer 11

stimulate other endocrine glands as target

Question 12

What do nerve fibers in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete?

Answer 12

antidiuretic hormones

Question 13

What is an action of growth hormone?

Answer 13

enhance movement of amino acids into cells

Question 14

Where are the target cells for hypothalamic releasing hormones located?

Answer 14

anterior pituitary gland

Question 15

What hormone requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus for its secretion?

Answer 15

prolactin

Question 16

What is another name for antidiuretic hormone?

Answer 16

vasopressin

Question 17

Melanocyte-stimulationg hormone, which regulates the formation of melanin, is produced by ?

Answer 17

intermediate lobe of pituitary gland

Question 18

Concentration of growth hormone is not constant throughout life. When do fluctuations in blood levels occur?

Answer 18

increase at puberty and levels off after adolescents

Question 19

Jerry drinks a few beers and soon has to urinate. What effect did alcohol have on the hormonal control of urination?

Answer 19

inhibited secretion of ADH

Question 20

Diabetes insipidus is caused by?

Answer 20

ADH deficiency

Question 21

Why is oxytocin administered to women during childbirth?

Answer 21

It stimulates uterine contractions

Question 22

ADH and oxytocin are secreted by what?

Answer 22

neurosecratory cells

Question 23

Growth hormone signals the release of IFG-1 from the _____?

Answer 23

liver

Question 24

Dopamine, released from the _____, inhibits secretion of prolactin.

Answer 24

hypothalamus

Question 25

How do the hormones T3 and T4 differ?

Answer 25

T4 converted to T3 in peripheral tissue

Question 26

What is a common symptom of Graves' disease?

Answer 26

goiter

Question 27

What endocrine gland secretes triiodothyronine?

Answer 27

thyroid gland

Question 28

Graves'disease, the most common form of hyperthyroidism, is caused by what?

Answer 28

autoimmune disorder

Question 29

Maxwell has a very high metabolic rate, is skinny, and has protruding eyes. These are symptoms of what condition?

Answer 29

hyperthyroidism

Question 30

What is an action of the thyroid hormone?

Answer 30

increase rate of protein synthesis

Question 31

The cause infantile hypothyroidism?

Answer 31

deficiency in thyroid hormone at birth

Question 32

What is the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 32

tumor

Question 33

The opposing roles of the thyroid and parathyroid hormones maintain the balance of calcium and phosphate ions in the blood. what will happen if the parathyroid gland develops a defect that prevents PTH secretion?

Answer 33

amount of calcium and phosphate ions in the blood decrease

Question 34

In addition to a drop in blood calcium concentration, identify another symptom of hypoparathyroidism?

Answer 34

muscle cramps

Question 35

What is the primary control for the secretion of parathyroid hormone?

Answer 35

concentration of blood calcium

Question 36

What hormone stimulates calcium deposition into bone?

Answer 36

calcitoninWhat

Question 37

is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla?

Answer 37

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 38

Aldosterone promotes the homeostasis of ions by causing the kidneys to what?

Answer 38

conserve sodium and excrete potassium

Question 39

What is the action of cortisol?

Answer 39

stimulate production of glucose from noncarbohydrates

Question 40

Why is cortisol useful in controlling inflammatory reactions?

Answer 40

decrease permeability of capillaries

Question 41

Hyposecretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex leads to what?

Answer 41

Addison's Disease

Question 42

What is a result of Addison's Disease?

Answer 42

low blood sodium levels

Question 43

What is the action of insulin?

Answer 43

lowers blood glucose level

Question 44

What is the action of glucagon?

Answer 44

Increases blood glucose level

Question 45

What organ has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

Answer 45

pancreas

Question 46

Where is the pineal gland located?

Answer 46

attached to thalamus

Question 47

What hormone is secreted by the pineal gland?

Answer 47

melatonin

Question 48

A night shift worker experiences extreme difficulty falling asleep due to being exposed to bright lights during both day and night. The unusual pattern of light exposure is disturbing there _____, which is controlled. by the hormone _____/

Answer 48

circadian rhythm ; melatonin

Question 49

They thymus gland secretes hormones called _____ that ____.

Answer 49

thymosins ; control production of white blood cells and differiniation

Question 50

As a result of the general stress response, blood concentrations of epinephrine ____ and blood concentrations of cortisol ____.

Answer 50

rise ; rise

Question 51

What may increase as a result to stress?

Answer 51

blood pressure

Question 52

With age, levels of GH ____ and levels of ADH____.

Answer 52

decrease ; increase

Question 53

The use of erythropoietin (EPO) is banned for use by the Olympic and professional athletes. Why would an athlete want to take EPO?

Answer 53

produce more red blood cells to increase oxygen and enhance performance

Question 54

A 78 year old male takes human growth hormone supplements to regain the strength of his youth. Why might he be disappointed with the results?

Answer 54

GH decrease fat and increase muscle mass, but not improve strength

Question 55

What is the cause of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 55

disorder of immune system

Question 56

What causes type 2 diabetes?

Answer 56

insensitivity of cells to insulin

Question 57

Removal of the anterior pituitary gland would affect the functioning of which gland or structure?

Answer 57

thyroid gland

Question 58

What stimulates the release of hormones from the adrenal cortex?

Answer 58

(ACTH) adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 59

What hormone is produced in response to the absence of light in the environment and is associated with circadian rhythms?

Answer 59

malatonin

Question 60

What primarily controls the secretion of parathyroid hormone?

Answer 60

calcium levels