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A&P 1 > Ch. 13 > Flashcards

Ch. 13 Flashcards

1
Q

What do all hormones have in common?

A

organic compounds

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2
Q

What is true for steroid hormones?

A

Can defuse through lipid bilayer due to being soluble in lipids

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3
Q

How does a non steroid hormone effect change in a target cell?

A

synthesis of a 2nd messenger

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4
Q

What is the effect of a steroid hormone binding to a receptor in a target cell?

A

directly causes protein synthesis

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5
Q

Where are hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary synthesized?

A

hupothalamus

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6
Q

An unregulated cell has an increase in what?

A

number of receptors available for binding

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7
Q

What causes up regulation of a target cell’s receptors?

A

prolonged decrease in hormone level

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8
Q

What causes down regulation of a target cell?

A

prolonged elevated hormone level

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9
Q

What controls most hormone concentrations?

A

negative feedback loops

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10
Q

A hormone with an effect that lasts for days would have a _____ half life

A

long

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11
Q

What are tropic hormones?

A

stimulate other endocrine glands as target

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12
Q

What do nerve fibers in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete?

A

antidiuretic hormones

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13
Q

What is an action of growth hormone?

A

enhance movement of amino acids into cells

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14
Q

Where are the target cells for hypothalamic releasing hormones located?

A

anterior pituitary gland

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15
Q

What hormone requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus for its secretion?

A

prolactin

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16
Q

What is another name for antidiuretic hormone?

A

vasopressin

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17
Q

Melanocyte-stimulationg hormone, which regulates the formation of melanin, is produced by ?

A

intermediate lobe of pituitary gland

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18
Q

Concentration of growth hormone is not constant throughout life. When do fluctuations in blood levels occur?

A

increase at puberty and levels off after adolescents

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19
Q

Jerry drinks a few beers and soon has to urinate. What effect did alcohol have on the hormonal control of urination?

A

inhibited secretion of ADH

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20
Q

Diabetes insipidus is caused by?

A

ADH deficiency

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21
Q

Why is oxytocin administered to women during childbirth?

A

It stimulates uterine contractions

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22
Q

ADH and oxytocin are secreted by what?

A

neurosecratory cells

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23
Q

Growth hormone signals the release of IFG-1 from the _____?

A

liver

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24
Q

Dopamine, released from the _____, inhibits secretion of prolactin.

A

hypothalamus

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25
Q

How do the hormones T3 and T4 differ?

A

T4 converted to T3 in peripheral tissue

26
Q

What is a common symptom of Graves’ disease?

A

goiter

27
Q

What endocrine gland secretes triiodothyronine?

A

thyroid gland

28
Q

Graves’disease, the most common form of hyperthyroidism, is caused by what?

A

autoimmune disorder

29
Q

Maxwell has a very high metabolic rate, is skinny, and has protruding eyes. These are symptoms of what condition?

A

hyperthyroidism

30
Q

What is an action of the thyroid hormone?

A

increase rate of protein synthesis

31
Q

The cause infantile hypothyroidism?

A

deficiency in thyroid hormone at birth

32
Q

What is the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism?

A

tumor

33
Q

The opposing roles of the thyroid and parathyroid hormones maintain the balance of calcium and phosphate ions in the blood. what will happen if the parathyroid gland develops a defect that prevents PTH secretion?

A

amount of calcium and phosphate ions in the blood decrease

34
Q

In addition to a drop in blood calcium concentration, identify another symptom of hypoparathyroidism?

A

muscle cramps

35
Q

What is the primary control for the secretion of parathyroid hormone?

A

concentration of blood calcium

36
Q

What hormone stimulates calcium deposition into bone?

A

calcitoninWhat

37
Q

is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

38
Q

Aldosterone promotes the homeostasis of ions by causing the kidneys to what?

A

conserve sodium and excrete potassium

39
Q

What is the action of cortisol?

A

stimulate production of glucose from noncarbohydrates

40
Q

Why is cortisol useful in controlling inflammatory reactions?

A

decrease permeability of capillaries

41
Q

Hyposecretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex leads to what?

A

Addison’s Disease

42
Q

What is a result of Addison’s Disease?

A

low blood sodium levels

43
Q

What is the action of insulin?

A

lowers blood glucose level

44
Q

What is the action of glucagon?

A

Increases blood glucose level

45
Q

What organ has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

A

pancreas

46
Q

Where is the pineal gland located?

A

attached to thalamus

47
Q

What hormone is secreted by the pineal gland?

A

melatonin

48
Q

A night shift worker experiences extreme difficulty falling asleep due to being exposed to bright lights during both day and night. The unusual pattern of light exposure is disturbing there _____, which is controlled. by the hormone _____/

A

circadian rhythm ; melatonin

49
Q

They thymus gland secretes hormones called _____ that ____.

A

thymosins ; control production of white blood cells and differiniation

50
Q

As a result of the general stress response, blood concentrations of epinephrine ____ and blood concentrations of cortisol ____.

A

rise ; rise

51
Q

What may increase as a result to stress?

A

blood pressure

52
Q

With age, levels of GH ____ and levels of ADH____.

A

decrease ; increase

53
Q

The use of erythropoietin (EPO) is banned for use by the Olympic and professional athletes. Why would an athlete want to take EPO?

A

produce more red blood cells to increase oxygen and enhance performance

54
Q

A 78 year old male takes human growth hormone supplements to regain the strength of his youth. Why might he be disappointed with the results?

A

GH decrease fat and increase muscle mass, but not improve strength

55
Q

What is the cause of type 1 diabetes?

A

disorder of immune system

56
Q

What causes type 2 diabetes?

A

insensitivity of cells to insulin

57
Q

Removal of the anterior pituitary gland would affect the functioning of which gland or structure?

A

thyroid gland

58
Q

What stimulates the release of hormones from the adrenal cortex?

A

(ACTH) adrenocorticotropic hormone

59
Q

What hormone is produced in response to the absence of light in the environment and is associated with circadian rhythms?

A

malatonin

60
Q

What primarily controls the secretion of parathyroid hormone?

A

calcium levels

A&P 1 (8 decks)

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