Ch. 13 Flashcards
What do all hormones have in common?
organic compounds
What is true for steroid hormones?
Can defuse through lipid bilayer due to being soluble in lipids
How does a non steroid hormone effect change in a target cell?
synthesis of a 2nd messenger
What is the effect of a steroid hormone binding to a receptor in a target cell?
directly causes protein synthesis
Where are hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary synthesized?
hupothalamus
An unregulated cell has an increase in what?
number of receptors available for binding
What causes up regulation of a target cell’s receptors?
prolonged decrease in hormone level
What causes down regulation of a target cell?
prolonged elevated hormone level
What controls most hormone concentrations?
negative feedback loops
A hormone with an effect that lasts for days would have a _____ half life
long
What are tropic hormones?
stimulate other endocrine glands as target
What do nerve fibers in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete?
antidiuretic hormones
What is an action of growth hormone?
enhance movement of amino acids into cells
Where are the target cells for hypothalamic releasing hormones located?
anterior pituitary gland
What hormone requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus for its secretion?
prolactin
What is another name for antidiuretic hormone?
vasopressin
Melanocyte-stimulationg hormone, which regulates the formation of melanin, is produced by ?
intermediate lobe of pituitary gland
Concentration of growth hormone is not constant throughout life. When do fluctuations in blood levels occur?
increase at puberty and levels off after adolescents
Jerry drinks a few beers and soon has to urinate. What effect did alcohol have on the hormonal control of urination?
inhibited secretion of ADH
Diabetes insipidus is caused by?
ADH deficiency
Why is oxytocin administered to women during childbirth?
It stimulates uterine contractions
ADH and oxytocin are secreted by what?
neurosecratory cells
Growth hormone signals the release of IFG-1 from the _____?
liver
Dopamine, released from the _____, inhibits secretion of prolactin.
hypothalamus
How do the hormones T3 and T4 differ?
T4 converted to T3 in peripheral tissue
What is a common symptom of Graves’ disease?
goiter
What endocrine gland secretes triiodothyronine?
thyroid gland
Graves’disease, the most common form of hyperthyroidism, is caused by what?
autoimmune disorder
Maxwell has a very high metabolic rate, is skinny, and has protruding eyes. These are symptoms of what condition?
hyperthyroidism
What is an action of the thyroid hormone?
increase rate of protein synthesis
The cause infantile hypothyroidism?
deficiency in thyroid hormone at birth
What is the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism?
tumor
The opposing roles of the thyroid and parathyroid hormones maintain the balance of calcium and phosphate ions in the blood. what will happen if the parathyroid gland develops a defect that prevents PTH secretion?
amount of calcium and phosphate ions in the blood decrease
In addition to a drop in blood calcium concentration, identify another symptom of hypoparathyroidism?
muscle cramps
What is the primary control for the secretion of parathyroid hormone?
concentration of blood calcium
What hormone stimulates calcium deposition into bone?
calcitoninWhat
is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Aldosterone promotes the homeostasis of ions by causing the kidneys to what?
conserve sodium and excrete potassium
What is the action of cortisol?
stimulate production of glucose from noncarbohydrates
Why is cortisol useful in controlling inflammatory reactions?
decrease permeability of capillaries
Hyposecretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex leads to what?
Addison’s Disease
What is a result of Addison’s Disease?
low blood sodium levels
What is the action of insulin?
lowers blood glucose level
What is the action of glucagon?
Increases blood glucose level
What organ has both endocrine and exocrine functions?
pancreas
Where is the pineal gland located?
attached to thalamus
What hormone is secreted by the pineal gland?
melatonin
A night shift worker experiences extreme difficulty falling asleep due to being exposed to bright lights during both day and night. The unusual pattern of light exposure is disturbing there _____, which is controlled. by the hormone _____/
circadian rhythm ; melatonin
They thymus gland secretes hormones called _____ that ____.
thymosins ; control production of white blood cells and differiniation
As a result of the general stress response, blood concentrations of epinephrine ____ and blood concentrations of cortisol ____.
rise ; rise
What may increase as a result to stress?
blood pressure
With age, levels of GH ____ and levels of ADH____.
decrease ; increase
The use of erythropoietin (EPO) is banned for use by the Olympic and professional athletes. Why would an athlete want to take EPO?
produce more red blood cells to increase oxygen and enhance performance
A 78 year old male takes human growth hormone supplements to regain the strength of his youth. Why might he be disappointed with the results?
GH decrease fat and increase muscle mass, but not improve strength
What is the cause of type 1 diabetes?
disorder of immune system
What causes type 2 diabetes?
insensitivity of cells to insulin
Removal of the anterior pituitary gland would affect the functioning of which gland or structure?
thyroid gland
What stimulates the release of hormones from the adrenal cortex?
(ACTH) adrenocorticotropic hormone
What hormone is produced in response to the absence of light in the environment and is associated with circadian rhythms?
malatonin
What primarily controls the secretion of parathyroid hormone?
calcium levels
