Ch.12 Flashcards
The interpretation of sensory input by the brain is referred to as
perception
What type of receptor detects and responds to pressure?
baroceptor
The decreased responsiveness to an ongoing stimulus is called?
sensory adaptation
After taking a bite of pizza, sensory receptors are stimulated in your mouth. What is the order of information flow from the sensory receptor?
stimulation receptor, CNS. by sensory neuron, sensation, perception
What statement describes a receptor potential?
local graded potentials that reflects strength of stimulus
Sensory impulses originate at receptors in response to
local changes in cell membrane potential
Olfactory receptors are examples of what class of sensory receptors?
chemoreceptors
What is projection?
awareness of location that sensation took place
What is receptor / stimulus pair of baroceptors?
stimulated by blood pressure
What stimulates proprioceptors
change in tension of tendon and muslce
What stimulates thermoceptors
change in temperature
What stimulates nociceptors?
injury to tissue
What stimulates photoreceptors?
in eyes, respond to light energy of sufficient intensity
Transmission of pain inpulses within the posterior horn of the spinal cord can be inhibited by compounds called____, released in response to signals from several areas of the brain
enkephalinsH
How do pain receptors differ from other somatic receptors?
they adapt very little
What stimulates Golgi tendon organs?
muscles stretched to their limit
What occurs as a result of the tympanic reflex?
vibrations transmitted less effectively to inner ear
What are primary taste sensations?
sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami
Where are the receptors for hearing located?
spiral organ
What is the function of a stretch reflex?
contact a muscle that is stretched
What causes the lens of the eye to thicken?
ciliary muscles contract
Why are images detected by the lateral retina blurry?
there are more rods than cones in this area
How is stereoscopic vision produced?
each eye sees a slightly different view
Sensory fibers from the ____ cross over at the optic chaiasma.
left side of each retina
What is the correct order of segments of the visual pathway?
optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic radiations, thalamus, optic tract, visual cortex
Following the path of sound transmission, what is the correct order of auditory ossicles
malleus, incus, stapes
Receptors for the sense of static equilibrium are located in the ____ which contain chambers called the ____.
inner ear; anterior and posterior chambersAc
ids in foods stimulate _____ receptors which alkaloids stimulate _____ receptors
sour; bitter
What is detected by the hair cells in the semicircular canals?
direction of motion
What is the treatment for a cataract?
removal of the lens
What is glaucoma?
Increased pressure in eye due to excess aqueous humor
What change results in farsightedness after the age of 45?
loss of lens elasticity
Lorelei thinks of the days of the week and months of the year as particular colors. What is the name of her condition?
synesthesia
What condition is due to an abnormality in the curvature of the lens or cornea, resultsing in some areas of blurry vision?
astigmatism
When the radial muscles of the iris contract, the diameter or the pupil _____.
increases
The auditory tube runs between the throat and the ______.
middle earW
hat is the order of structures through which light passes as it travels to the retina?
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
What structure is part of the innermost layer of the way of the eye?
retina
What region of the retina provides the sharpest vision?
fovea centralis
The inner ear is located within which cranial bone?
temporalW
What structure produces tears?
lacrimal gland
Max returns to his dorm room late at night to find his roommate throwing up. The smell is at first so bad that Max wants to vomit too, but after helping his roommate clean up, the odor seems to fade. Max has experienced what?
sensory adaptation
you drop a book on your foot. Immediately, you feel a sharp, stinging pain. Pain fibers called _____ are responsible for this sensation. Then, about a minute later, you feel a dull, lingering pain. Pain fibers called ____ are responsible for this sensation.
fast pain fibers ; slow pain fibers
You are carrying a box when you friend suddenly places another heavy box on top of it. Your muscles respond by immediately ____ because receptors called ____ sense the rapid muscle lengthening and cause a reflex response.
contracting ; muscle spindles
In dim light, the ____ muscles of the iris are stimulated to contract, resulting in ____ of the pupil.
radial ; dilation
When cleaning his ear canal with a cotton swab, Garrett pushes the swab into the external acoustic meatus as far as he can. When he is met with some resistance, he pushes harder and suddenly feels a sharp, intense pain. He then notices that all he can hear from that ear is a constant ringing. What damage has he most likely done to the ear?
torn tympanic membrane, sound is not being transmitted
“Lazy eye” is a condition in which the muscles of one eye fail to position it correctly, results in a lack of coordination between the two eyes. In an example where one eye constantly looks directly upward, what extrinsic eye muscle is too weak to function correctly?
Inferior rectus
While working in a lab without protective glasses, Thas, a research assistant, accidentally sprays himself in the eye with a nerve agent that blocks contraction in smooth muscles. How will his eyes be affected?
Inability to focus or to adjust pupils
