Ch.5.4

Question 1

Today, _________________ _________________ are our main energy sources. Once they are used, they will take a ___________ __________ ____________ to _________________. They are called _______-______________ _____________ ______________.

Answer 1

fossil fuels, very long time, replenish, non-renewable energy sources

Question 2

_________________, _________________ ___________ and _________________ ___________ are fossil fuels.

Answer 2

Coal, crude oil, natural gas

Question 3

Coal is a _________________ _________________ fuel.
Formation:
1. Millions of years ago, when ______________ _______________, they were _______________ ___________________.
2. The remains of the _________________________________________________________.
3. Over millions of years, ___________ _______________, __________ ________________ and _________________________________ slowly turned the remains into ______________.

Answer 3

black solid

1. plants died, buried underground
2. plants were buried deeper and deeper
3. high temperature, high pressure, the action of bacteria, coal

Question 4

Crude oil is a ______________, ______________ liquid.
Natural gas, which is ______________, is stored in tanks.
The formation crude oil and natural gas:
1. millions of years ago, when __________ ______________ and ______________ ___________, they ______________ ______ ________ ____________ ______ ________ ______________
2. the remains of the ______________ ______________ and ______________ were ______________ ______________ and ______________
3. over millions of years, ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ and _________ ______________ _______ ______________ slowly ______________ ________ ______________ into ______________ __________ and ______________ __________.

Answer 4

thick, dark
colourless
1. sea animals, plants died, sank to the bottom of the seas
2. sea animals, plants, buried deeper, deeper
3. high temperature, high pressure and the action of bacteria slowly turned the remains into crude oil and natural gas

Question 5

Coal is ______________ directly used as a fuel. It is used mainly in ______________ ______________ to ______________ ______________. Today, about __________% of the world electricity supply still comes from the _____________________________________________________________________.

Answer 5

usually, power stations, generate electricity, 40, burning of coal in power stations

Question 6

Crude oil is ______________ used directly as fuel. It is processed to produce several types of fuels, such as ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ (_________) and ______________ ____________.

Answer 6

seldom, petrol, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), diesel oil

Question 7

Natural gas is ________________ directly as fuel. In some countries, natural gas is used for ________________ and as ____________ in cars. In Hong Kong, natural gas is used mainly for ________________ ________________ and to produce _____________ ____________.

Answer 7

usually, cooking, fuel, generating electricity, town gas

Question 8

The world ________________ ________________ on the use of fossil fuels. However, there are more and more ________________ about using them.

Answer 8

relies heavily, concerns

Question 9

In the past, most human activities, such as ________________ ________________, ________________ and ________________ ________________, were done ________________.
Today, we have a lot of ________________ ________________, ________________ and ________________ to help us do the work. This greatly improves our ________________ ________________, but at the same time ________________ _____________ ________________ for ________________ ________________.

Answer 9

keeping cool, travelling, manufacturing goods, manually

electrical appliances, vehicles, machines, living standards, increases our demands for energy sources

Question 10

Fossil fuels take ____________________________________ to form. Their reserves are ________________ and if we continue to use them at the ________________ ________________, they will soon be ________________ ________________.

Answer 10

millions of years, limited, present rate, used up

Question 11

The burning of fossil fuels in ________________ ________________, ________________ and ________________ releases many harmful substances such as ________________ ________________, ________________ ________________, ________________ and ________________ ________________, and also produces a large amount of ________________ ________________.

Answer 11

power stations, factories, vehicles, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, lead, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide

Question 12

When the ________________ ________________ are released into the air, they cause ________________ ________________.

Answer 12

harmful substances, air pollution

Question 13

Air pollution causes many health problems:
1.
2.
3.

Answer 13

Some harmful substances can irritate our eyes and throat
Some can cause dizziness and headaches
Breathing in the harmful substances for a long time can also cause respiratory diseases such as bronchitis and asthma

Question 14

________________ ________________ and ________________ ________________ can trap heat in the atmosphere (aka ______________________ _____________). As the amount of these gases increases, ______________________________________________________________. This is called ________________ ________________.

Answer 14

Carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, greenhouse gases, more heat is trapped in the atmosphere, global warming

Question 15

Global warming speeds up the ________________ __________ ________________ at the ________________ and ________________ ________________.

• Animals living there may ________________ _____________ ________________ and ___________.
• This also leads to a ___________________________________________
• ____________-______________ ________________ ________________ may face a ________________ ________________ of ________________

Answer 15

melting of ice, North, South Poles
lose their habitats, die
rise in sea level
low-lying coastal areas, high risk, flooding

Question 16

________________ ________________ and ________________ ________________ can dissolve in ________________ to form ________________ ________________.
When they fall into ________________ and ________________, it makes the water ________________ and this causes harm to ________________ and other ________________ ________________.
It also damages ________________, ________________ and ________________ made of ________________ or ________________.

Answer 16

Sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, rainwater, acid rain,
rivers, lakes, acidic, fish, aquatic life
trees, plants, buildings, metal, stone

Question 17

Concerns about using fossil fuels:

• the ________________ of fossil fuels are ________________ and will soon be ________________ ________________
• the ________________ of fossil fuels causes ________________ to our ________________ and our ________________.

Answer 17

reserves, limited, used up

burning, harm, health, environment

Question 18

Due to concerns about using fossil fuels, people have explored the use of ________________ ________________ ________________. They include ________________ ________________ and ________________ ________________ ________________.

Answer 18

alternative energy sources, nuclear power, renewable energy sources

Question 19

Why is nuclear power a non-renewable energy source?

Answer 19

It is because nuclear fuel (uranium) is non-renewable

Question 20

About ______% of electricity used in Hong Kong comes from the ____________________ _____________ ____________ ________________ __________________ ________________ at ________________, ________________.

Answer 20

25, Guangdong Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station, Dapeng, Shenzhen

Question 21

please describe the process of creating electricity in a nuclear power station:
In a nuclear power station, nuclear fuels ___________ _____________ which _____________ _____________. It is used to boil _____________ to _____________; the _____________ drives a _____________, which in turn drives a _____________ that produces electricity.

Answer 21

undergo reactions, release heat, water, steam, steam, turbine, generator

Question 22

Advantages of nuclear power:

1.

Answer 22

A small amount of nuclear fuel can be used to generate a large amount of electricity

Question 23

Limitations of nuclear power:
1.
2.
-they are ______________________________________ and ______________________________________________________
-they need to be __________________ and __________________ __________________

Answer 23

The nuclear fuel supply is limited
Nuclear fuels and the waste produced in nuclear power stations are highly dangerous
harmful to our health, cause pollution to the environment
stored, transported properly

Question 24

Apart from __________________ __________________, people have developed various forms of __________________ __________________ to replace fossil fuels.

Answer 24

nuclear energy, renewable energy

Question 25

Renewable energy sources can be _____________________________________________________. They cause __________________ __________________ than non-renewable energy sources. However, there are some __________________ in using them.

Answer 25

replenished in a short period of time, less pollution, limitations

Question 26

Solar energy is the energy __________________ by the __________________. __________________ __________________ or __________________ __________________ are commonly installed on the __________________ of __________________ to collect solar energy. The energy collected is used to produce _____________ __________________ or __________________ __________________.

Answer 26

supplied, Sun, solar collectors, solar panels, roofs, buildings, hot water, generate electricity

Question 27

Limitations of solar power:
1.
2.
-this equipment is __________________ to build and install

Answer 27

The energy supply is affected by day length and sunlight intensity
Special equipment is needed to collect sunlight
costly

Question 28

Over hundreds of years, wind power has been used by humans for __________________ __________________ and to __________________ __________________ and __________________.
Today, the energy of the ______________ (the __________________ energy of air) is __________________ into __________________ __________________ using ______________ __________________ throughout the world.

Answer 28

grinding grains, move boats, ships, wind, kinetic, converted, electrical energy, wind turbines

Question 29

Limitations of wind power:
1.
2.
3.

Answer 29

The supply of wind power depends on the availability and speed of wind
Wind turbines also cause noise pollution and birds are sometimes killed by the blades of wind turbines
Some people also feel that wind turbines make the landscape look unsightly

Question 30

Hydroelectric power makes use of the energy of __________________ __________________ to generate electricity.

Answer 30

moving water

Question 31

In a hydroelectric power station, a __________________ is built across a ________________ to store water in a ________________. The water in the ________________ is at a __________________ __________________. When the gates in the __________________ open, the water in the __________________ will __________________ __________________. __________________ __________________ of the water is then converted into __________________ __________________. The flowing water drives a __________________, which in turn drives a __________________ to produce __________________.

Answer 31

dam, river, reservoir, reservoir, higher position, dam, reservoir, flow down, potential energy, kinetic energy, turbine, generator, electricity v

Question 32

Limitations of hydroelectric power:
1.
-this causes __________________ to the __________________ and __________________ living there
-__________________ living near a dam site may also need to ____________________________________________________

Answer 32

The construction of large dams destroys local land and water habitats
harm, animals, plants, people, move to other places

Question 33

__________________, __________________ and __________________ __________________ can be used to produce energy. When they are burned, the __________________ energy stored in them is converted into __________________ and __________________ energy.
The __________________ energy that is stored in __________________ or in __________________ __________________ is called biomass energy.

Answer 33

Wood, crops, animal waste, chemical, heat, light

chemical, plants, animal waste

Question 34

Why is biomass energy a renewable energy source?

Answer 34

It is because its supplies can be replenished in a short period of time. We can grow trees and crops. Also, animals always produce waste.

Question 35

For thousands of years, people have burned ___________________ or __________________ ___________________ for __________________ and ___________________.
Today , scientists have found many new ways to use __________________ __________________.

Answer 35

wood, animal waste, heating, cooking, biomass energy

Question 36

__________________, __________________ or __________________ is extracted from crops (eg __________________, __________________ and __________________) and food waste to produce __________________.

Answer 36

Sugar, starch, oil, soybean, sugarcane, maize, biofuels

Question 37

Biofuels can be used to __________________ __________________, and for __________________ or __________________.

Answer 37

power vehicles, heating, cooking

Question 38

Limitations of biomass energy:
1.
-the use of __________________ __________________as biofuels may __________________ the __________________ of __________________
2.

Answer 38

A large area of land is needed to grow crops used for the production of biofuels
agricultural plants, increase, prices, crops
If unused waste is not treated properly, it may release gases with a could smell and attract pests such as rats and flies

Question 39

Energy sources which can serve as alternatives to fossil fuels:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Answer 39

Nuclear power
Solar energy
Wind power
Hydroelectric power
Biomass energy

Question 40

list 6 ways to save energy.

1. Turning off
2. Choose
3. Set
4. Hang
5. Use
6. Use

Answer 40

1. electrical appliances, eg computers and monitors when they are not in use
2. electrical appliances with Grade 1 energy efficiency labels, they will use less energy than the same type of appliance with other ratings
3. the air conditioner to kept a moderate temperature such as 25’C
4. clothes to dry instead of using a dryer
5. public transport instead of private vehicles
6. the staircase instead of taking a lift if you need to go up or down only one to two floors

Question 41

Development of new technologies
1.
2.
3.
4.

Answer 41

Energy-saving escalator
Double glazing windows
Light tubes
Electric vehicles

Question 42

Energy-saving escalator

• this escalator __________________________ when __________________________
• when it is not in use, it will _________________________________________________________________.

Answer 42

runs at a normal speed, people walk near it

run at a slower speed in order to save energy

Question 43

Double glazing windows

• double glazing windows ____________________________________________________.
• as air is a _________________________________________, the windows keep the room cool by ____________________________________________. This helps reduce the _______________ used by __________ ____________________.

Answer 43

trap a layer of air between two panels of glass
good insulator of heat, blocking out the heat from the Sun
electricity, air conditioners

Question 44

Light tubes

• they can _______________ _______________ and _________________________________________.
• this ________ _________ the energy needed for _____________

Answer 44

capture sunlight, reflect it into the building

cuts down, lighting

Question 45

Electric vehicles

-they use _______________ _______________ than _______________ _______________

Answer 45

less energy, petrol cars

Question 46

We can reduce the use of fossil fuels by _______________ _______________ and __________________ _______________-_______________ _________________.

Answer 46

saving energy, developing energy-saving technologies