Ch.2.6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Although water covers about 70% of the Earth’s surface, most of it is sea water and only about ______% is fresh water

A

3

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2
Q

Only _________% of the fresh water on Earth is in rivers and lakes

A

0.4

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3
Q

Water is a ____________ resource.

A

Precious

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4
Q

In many parts of the world, fresh water supplies cannot meet our needs. ______________ _________ will make the situation worse.

A

Population growth.

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5
Q

It is important that we must use water _____________ and not waste it.

A

Wisely

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6
Q

As water resources are limited, we need to ____________ water in daily life.

A

Conserve.

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7
Q

Names 7 ways to conserve water at home.

Hints: take, run, wash, use, repair, save, turn

A
  • Take a short shower instead of a bath or a long shower
    • Run the washing machine only when you have a full load
    • Wash dishes in a basin rather than under running water
    • Use water saving devices such as a washing machine with the Grade 1 efficiency label
    • Repair any dripping taps as soon as possible
    • Save water used to wash fruits and vegetables for watering your plants
    • Turn off the tap instead of letting the water run while you brush your teeth
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8
Q

Human activities produce various kinds of pollutants. If pollutants are discharged directly into rivers, lakes or seas, they may cause ___________________.

A

Water pollution.

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9
Q

Name the three main sources of pollution.

A

Discharging waste water directly, littering and dumping solid waste and oil spill accidents

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10
Q

A lot of waste water is produced from __________, ___________, _________ and ______________

A

Homes, restaurants, farms and factories

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11
Q

The waste water from different sources contains different ____________.

A

Pollutants.

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12
Q

Harmful effects of discharging waste water directly:

  • _______________, ______________, ______________ and _____________ promote the growth of algae
  • If algae grows rapidly in a short period of time, they use up the _________ in water
  • Fish and other aquatic life may die due to _______________
  • _____________ and toxic chemicals cause harmful effects to nearly all life forms
A

Human waste, animal waste, detergents, fertilisers, oxygen, suffocation, pesticides

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13
Q

Some people pollute the environment directly by throwing solid waste on beaches and in rivers and seas, such as:

        * Plastic \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
        * \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nets
A

Bags, bottles, fishing

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14
Q

Harmful effects of littering and dumping solid waste:

            * Solid waste can be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to animals, eg:
            * Sea lions and sea turtles may get trapped in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
        * Fish may mistake \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for food
A

Hazardous, fishing nets, plastic

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15
Q

Oil from accidental spills of ____________ ships causes series pollution.

A

Oil tanker

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16
Q

Harmful effects accidental oil spills:

   * Oil floats on water and prevents \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ from dissolving into sea water
   * Fish die from lack of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
   * Sea birds cannot fly when their \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are covered with oil
   * They also cannot use their feathers to keep \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and may die of cold
A

Oxygen X2, feathers, warm

17
Q
  • Controls of water pollution
    • Use only the needed amount of ___________ for washing
    • Take part in a ________________ campaign
    • Do not throw ____________ into seas and onto beaches
    • Dispose of _____________ waste properly in laboratories
    • Do not dispose of solid waste in ____________ or street drains
A

Detergent, beach clean-up, rubbish, chemical, toilets

18
Q

The Hong Kong Government has also taken practical and __________ measures to reduce water pollution, eg:
* Laws have been set up to restrict the discharge of ____________ __________ _________ from restaurants, farms and factories

A

legal, untreated waste water

19
Q

Waste water treatment in Hong Kong:
About __________ million cubic metres of waste water are produced every day. Before discharging the waste water into seas and rivers, the waste water has to be treated to _______________ ____________ ______________

A

2.9

Reduce water pollution

20
Q

The ________________ _____________ ______________ (_ _ _) is responsible for the treatment of waste water.

A

Drainage services department, dsd

21
Q

The department that is responsible for the treatment of waste water operates over _ _ _ ________________ _____________ ______________ including _ _ _____________ _______________ ____________. In each of these plants, sewage is treated to remove the ________________ ______________ it contains.

A

200 sewage treatment facilities, 67 sewage treatment plants, harmful substances

22
Q

Harmful chemical wastes from factories are collected and sent to the ____________ _____________ _____________ ______________ (_ _ _ _) for treatment. Chemical wastes from __________________ ______________________ are also treated in the same place.

A

Chemical waste treatment centre, school laboratories

23
Q

Harbour area treatment scheme

  • to improve the water quality of ___________ ________, the Hong Kong government introduced the harbour treatment scheme (_ _ _ _) in 1990s
  • since the implementation of _ _ _ _, the _________ ___________ of the Victoria Harbour has improved: the overall _________________ level in the harbour has reduced ______________
A
Victoria Harbour
HATS
HATS
Water quality 
E. Coli
Significantly