CH5-S1

Question 1

Chemotherapy:

Answer 1

the use of drugs to treat a disease

Question 2

Antibiotic:

Answer 2

Produced by a microbe inhibits other microbes

Question 3

_______:
synthetic chemicals

Answer 3

Chemotherapeutic agent

Question 4

Today distinction blurred -> many newer “antibiotic” are biological products that are ____________.

Answer 4

chemically modified or chemically synthesize

Question 5

Features of antimicrobial drug:

Answer 5

Selective toxicity, therapeutic index may be high (less toxic), bacteriostatic , bactericidal, narrow or broad activity spectrum

Question 6

Selective toxicity of antimicrobial drug:

Answer 6

Drug kills pathogens without damaging the host

Question 7

Therapeutic index is ___________

Answer 7

the ratio between toxic dose and therapeutic dose
( TI = TD50 / ED50)

Question 8

Bacteriostatic meaning:

Answer 8

Inhibits bacteria from reproducing, but does not kill them

Question 9

Bactericidal meaning:

Answer 9

Actively kill bacteria

Question 10

Features of antimicrobial drugs:
Activity spectrum:
Narrow spectrum:

Answer 10

Active against one or very few types

Question 11

Features of antimicrobial drugs:
Activity spectrum:
Broad spectrum:

Answer 11

Active against several types of microorganisms

Question 12

Antibiotic sensitivity testing by:

Answer 12

Tube dilution tests and Disc-diffusion test (Kirby-Bauer technique)

Question 13

Disc-diffusion test (Kirby-Bauer technique)
The larger the zone, the _____ sensitive the microbe to the antibiotic

Answer 13

larger

Question 14

Disc-diffusion test (Kirby-Bauer technique):

Answer 14

Surface of an agar plate is spread with bacteria
Small discs containing a prepared amount of antibiotic are placed on the plate
Zone of inhibition surrounding the discs is measured and compared with a standard for each drug

Question 15

The results of the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test are reported only as susceptible, intermediate or resistant. ______ are not reported to physicians.

Answer 15

Zone sizes

Question 16

________:
Initial antibiotic regimen
Use broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents to cover multiple possible pathogens commonly associated with the specific clinical syndrome

Answer 16

Empiric therapy

Question 17

________:
After identification of the etiologic pathogen and/or antimicrobial susceptibility data are available
Narrow the antibiotic spectrum

Answer 17

Definitive therapy

Question 18

Important considerations when prescribing antimicrobial therapy:

Answer 18

Accurate diagnosis of infection, understanding the difference between empiric and definitive therapy, interpretation of antimicrobial susceptibility testing results, understanding drug characteristics, health status of the patient

Question 19

Tube dilution tests:
Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC):
lowest concentration of drug that ___________.

Answer 19

visible growth of bacteria

Question 20

Tube dilution tests:
Minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC):

Answer 20

inhibits at least 99.9% of the bacterial colonies