CH3-S2 Flashcards
_________: physical or chemical process that completely destroys or removes all microbial life, including spores
Sterilization
_______: uses heat to kill vegetative forms of bacteria (not included endospore)
Pasteurization
________: destruction or removal of pathogens from nonliving objects by physical or chemical methods
Disinfection
“-static”: agents which ________
inhibit growth
“-cidal”: agents which ____ the target organism
kill
Methods of microbial control: _________________
Bactericide, fungicide, virucide, sporicide, germicide/microbicide, asepsis, decontamination, sanitization
________: chemical that destroys bacteria except for those at the endospore stage
Bactericide
________: chemical that can kill fungal spores
Fungicide
________: chemical known to inactivate viruses, especially on living tissue
Virucide
________: an agent capable of destroying bacterial endospores
Sporicide
________: chemical agents that kill micoorganisms
Germicide/microbicide
________: the growth of microorganisms in the blood and other tissues
Sepsis
________: any practice that prevents the entry of infectious agents into sterile tissues and thus prevents infection
Asepsis
________: cleaning, disinfection or sterilization to remove microbial contamination from medical equipment
Decontamination
________: cleansing technique (by using sanitizer) that mechanically removes microorganisms as well as other debris
Sanitization
________: use _____ lamps reduces ____ microbes in hospital rooms
Air sanitization, ultraviolet, airborne
Factors affecting the efficacy of disinfection and sterilization - resistance: Most resistant: _____ > _______> _______> ________>_______
Prions, endospores of bacteria, mycobacteria, gram-positive bacteria, viruses with lipid envelopes
List factors affecting the efficacy of disinfection and sterilization
Duration of exposure, concentration and potency of disinfectants, microbes: number, location, innate resistance, biofilms, presence of : solvents, organic matter, or inhibitors, physical and chemical factors: temperature and pH of environment
List mechanisms of actions of antimicrobial control agents
Alternation of membrane permeability, alternation of cell wall, damage to proteins, damage to nucleic acids
State the mode of action of surfactants on the cell membrane
Surfactants create abnormal channels that alter permeability and cause leakage both into and out of the cell
State the mode of action affecting protein function
Heat/pH change -> complete denaturation/ different shape/ blocked active site -> inactivated enzymes
______: coagulation and denaturation of proteins
Moist heat
______: dehydration, denaturation of proteins
Dry heat
At very high temperatures, _____ heat _____ cells, burning them to ashes
dry, oxidizes
Give two methods belong to moist heat
Autoclave, pasteurization, boiling water
Suggest a method of sterilization
Autoclave, normal autoclave conditions: 121.5°C for 15 minutes
_________: significant number reduction; does not sterilize
Pasteurization
Dry heat sterilization kills by oxidation: _______________
flaming of loop, incineration of carcasses, hot-air sterilization
Is hot-air 170°C for 2 hours an equivalent treatment?
Yes
How cold inhibits microbial growth?
Slows enzymatic reactions, if it cause freezing, it will form ice crystals and damage microbial cells
Cold: Preserve cultures of bacteria, viruses and fungi at ____ to ____ (can take it out to use again)
-70°C to -135°C
Air filtration effective to ___µm
0.3
Membrane filters for fluids. Pore size for bacteria: ____µm
0.2 - 0.4µm
Membrane filters for fluids. Pore size for bacteria: ____µm
0.2 - 0.4µm
Membrane filters for fluids. Can be used for preparing _____
serum and other blood products, vaccines, drug, IV fluids. enzymes, and media
