CH3-S2 Flashcards

1
Q

_________: physical or chemical process that completely destroys or removes all microbial life, including spores

A

Sterilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

_______: uses heat to kill vegetative forms of bacteria (not included endospore)

A

Pasteurization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

________: destruction or removal of pathogens from nonliving objects by physical or chemical methods

A

Disinfection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

“-static”: agents which ________

A

inhibit growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

“-cidal”: agents which ____ the target organism

A

kill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Methods of microbial control: _________________

A

Bactericide, fungicide, virucide, sporicide, germicide/microbicide, asepsis, decontamination, sanitization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

________: chemical that destroys bacteria except for those at the endospore stage

A

Bactericide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

________: chemical that can kill fungal spores

A

Fungicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

________: chemical known to inactivate viruses, especially on living tissue

A

Virucide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

________: an agent capable of destroying bacterial endospores

A

Sporicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

________: chemical agents that kill micoorganisms

A

Germicide/microbicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

________: the growth of microorganisms in the blood and other tissues

A

Sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

________: any practice that prevents the entry of infectious agents into sterile tissues and thus prevents infection

A

Asepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

________: cleaning, disinfection or sterilization to remove microbial contamination from medical equipment

A

Decontamination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

________: cleansing technique (by using sanitizer) that mechanically removes microorganisms as well as other debris

A

Sanitization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

________: use _____ lamps reduces ____ microbes in hospital rooms

A

Air sanitization, ultraviolet, airborne

17
Q

Factors affecting the efficacy of disinfection and sterilization - resistance: Most resistant: _____ > _______> _______> ________>_______

A

Prions, endospores of bacteria, mycobacteria, gram-positive bacteria, viruses with lipid envelopes

18
Q

List factors affecting the efficacy of disinfection and sterilization

A

Duration of exposure, concentration and potency of disinfectants, microbes: number, location, innate resistance, biofilms, presence of : solvents, organic matter, or inhibitors, physical and chemical factors: temperature and pH of environment

19
Q

List mechanisms of actions of antimicrobial control agents

A

Alternation of membrane permeability, alternation of cell wall, damage to proteins, damage to nucleic acids

20
Q

State the mode of action of surfactants on the cell membrane

A

Surfactants create abnormal channels that alter permeability and cause leakage both into and out of the cell

21
Q

State the mode of action affecting protein function

A

Heat/pH change -> complete denaturation/ different shape/ blocked active site -> inactivated enzymes

22
Q

______: coagulation and denaturation of proteins

A

Moist heat

23
Q

______: dehydration, denaturation of proteins

A

Dry heat

24
Q

At very high temperatures, _____ heat _____ cells, burning them to ashes

A

dry, oxidizes

25
Q

Give two methods belong to moist heat

A

Autoclave, pasteurization, boiling water

26
Q

Suggest a method of sterilization

A

Autoclave, normal autoclave conditions: 121.5°C for 15 minutes

27
Q

_________: significant number reduction; does not sterilize

A

Pasteurization

28
Q

Dry heat sterilization kills by oxidation: _______________

A

flaming of loop, incineration of carcasses, hot-air sterilization

29
Q

Is hot-air 170°C for 2 hours an equivalent treatment?

A

Yes

30
Q

How cold inhibits microbial growth?

A

Slows enzymatic reactions, if it cause freezing, it will form ice crystals and damage microbial cells

31
Q

Cold: Preserve cultures of bacteria, viruses and fungi at ____ to ____ (can take it out to use again)

A

-70°C to -135°C

32
Q

Air filtration effective to ___µm

A

0.3

33
Q

Membrane filters for fluids. Pore size for bacteria: ____µm

A

0.2 - 0.4µm

34
Q

Membrane filters for fluids. Pore size for bacteria: ____µm

A

0.2 - 0.4µm

35
Q

Membrane filters for fluids. Can be used for preparing _____

A

serum and other blood products, vaccines, drug, IV fluids. enzymes, and media