CH2-S3

Question 1

Arrange the size of the mircobes from small to large

Answer 1

Viruses < bacteria < fungi < protozoa

Question 2

Mushrooms is _____ fungi

Answer 2

macroscopic

Question 3

Molds and yeasts are _____ fungi

Answer 3

microscopic

Question 4

Majority of fungi are ____ or ____, few are considered ____ (e.g. mushroom)

Answer 4

unicellular, colonial, multicellular

Question 5

State and describe two morphologies of fungi

Answer 5

Yeast: round ovoid shape, asexual reproduction, Hyphae: long filamentous fungi or molds

Question 6

State two properties of fungi

Answer 6

Heterotrophic, parasitic

Question 7

What is the meaning of heterotrophic?

Answer 7

Heterotrophic: acquire nutrients from a wide variety of organic substrates

Question 8

What is the meaning of parasitic?

Answer 8

Parasitic: grow on the bodies of living animals or plants, although very few require a living host

Question 9

A special cell structure of fungi is ____.

Answer 9

Bud, bud scar

Question 10

Cell wall of fungi is primarily composed of ____, ____ and ____.

Answer 10

chitin, polysaccharide (glycans, mannans), glycoproteins

Question 11

Fungi’s beneficial impact to human

Answer 11

Play an essential role in decomposing organic matter, form stable associations with plant roots and increase their ability to absorb water and nutrients, Fungi have been engineered to produce large quantities of antibiotics, alcohol, organic acids and vitamins, Some fungi are eaten or used to impact flavoring to food

Question 12

Fungi’s adverse impact to human

Answer 12

Primary pathogens: can sicken even healthy persons, Opportunistic pathogens: attack persons who are already weakened in some way, e.g. Candidiasis and Pneumocystis pnuemonia, Mycoses真菌病 (fungal infection of animals, including humans), Fungal cell walls give off substances that cause allergies, Toxins produced by poisonous mushrooms can cause death

Question 13

Fungal infection of humans may take place at?

Answer 13

Epidermis, hair, dermis, skin, mucous membrane, nails, lung

Question 14

Examples of superficial fungal infection: ______________

Answer 14

灰甲 onychomycosis, 腳癬 tinea pedis, 股癬 tinea cruris, 體癬 tinea corporis, 手癬 tinea manuum, 頭癬 tinea capitis, Vaginal candidiasis, Otomycosis

Question 15

What is parasites?

Answer 15

Organisms that live on or in the living organisms (hosts)

Question 16

Organisms that live on or in the living organisms (hosts) is called?

Answer 16

Parasites

Question 17

State two types of parasites

Answer 17

Ectoparasites: parasites that live outside the host’s body, Endoparasites: parasites living inside the host., e.g. parasitic protozoa and helminths

Question 18

_____ - most are harmless, free-living inhabitants of water and soil

Answer 18

Protozoa

Question 19

Protozoa is classified by means of _____

Answer 19

locomotion

Question 20

_____ has two stage life cycle. Which two?

Answer 20

Protozoa, Trophozoite, Cyst

Question 21

What is Trophozoite?

Answer 21

Stages that actively feed and multiply

Question 22

What is Cyst?

Answer 22

Stages with a protective membrane or thickened wall, Dormant resting stage when conditions in the environment become unfavorable

Question 23

______’s infections range from _____ to ______

Answer 23

Protozoa, asymptomatic, life threatening

Question 24

Describe the whole life cycle of protozoa

Answer 24

1. Trophozoite (active, feeding stage) 2. Cell rounds up and loses motility (drying, lack of nutrients) 3. Mature cyst (dormant, resting stage) 4. (Moisture, nutrients restored) Cyst wall breaks open 5. Trophozoite is reactivated

Question 25

Examples of protozoa: ____

Answer 25

Amoeboid protozoa, Flagellated protozoa, Ciliated protozoa

Question 26

_________ cause: intra-erythrocytic cycle of plasmodium falciparum 惡性瘧原蟲紅血球內循環

Answer 26

Apicomplexan protozoa

Question 27

______ protozoa : amebic dysentery caused by Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 27

Amoeboid

Question 28

______ protozoa : giardiasis caused by Giardia lamblia, african sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma burcei

Answer 28

Flagellated

Question 29

______ protozoa (also called _____) : Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale and P. vivax

Answer 29

Apicomplexan, sporozoan

Question 30

______ protozoa : Balantidiasis caused by Balantidium coli

Answer 30

Ciliated

Question 31

Helminths are ______ animals

Answer 31

multicellular

Question 32

Two types of ______ (flatworms) : ______, _______

Answer 32

Platyhelminthes, Trematoda (flukes), Cestoda (tapeworms)

Question 33

How is Trematoda (e.g. Clonorchis sinensis) like?

Answer 33

Small flat leaf-like bodies with oral and ventral suckers and a blind sac-like gut

Question 34

How is Cestoda (e.g. Taenia solium) like?

Answer 34

Long flat ribbon-like bodies with a single anterior holdfast oragan (scolex) and numerous segments (proglottides)

Question 35

_____ and ______ do not have a body cavity

Answer 35

Trematoda, Cestoda

Question 36

_____ have fluid-filled internal body cavity

Answer 36

Nematodes (roundworms)

Question 37

How is Nematodes (roundworms)(e.g. Ascaris lumbricoides 35cm) like?

Answer 37

Long thin unsegmented tube-like bodies with anterior mouths and longitudinal digestive tracts

Question 38

Helminths form ____ main life-cycle stages: _________

Answer 38

three, eggs (in environment), larvae (in intermediate host) and adults (in definitive host)

Question 39

Two types of host. ______ host: the host in which the larva develops. _____ host: the host in which sexual development occurs

Answer 39

Intermediate, Definitive

Question 40

Sources for human infection by helminths are ___________

Answer 40

contaminated food, soil, and water or infected animals

Question 41

Routes of infection by helminths are ____________

Answer 41

by oral intake or penetration of unbroken skin