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Biology > Ch5 Communicable diseases > Flashcards

Ch5 Communicable diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

Communicable disease

A

can be spread between organisms

caused by pathogens

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2
Q

Non-communicable diseases

A

diseases that can’t be spread between two organisms

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3
Q

Pathogens

A

bacteria
viruses
protists
fungi

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4
Q

virus

A

smaller than bacteria
takes over cells in body
live and reproduce inside the cells, damaging and destroying them

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5
Q

bacteria

A

produce toxins that cause illness
directly damage cells
divide rapidly by splitting in 2(binary fission)

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6
Q

spread of pathogens by water

A

eating contaminated food or drinking water with sewage in allows pathogen to enter digestive system
fungal spores in water transfers plant diseases

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7
Q

spread of pathogens by air

A

droplet infection expelled from breathing system by coughing or sneezing
others breathe in the droplets and intake the pathogens

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8
Q

spread of pathogens by direct contact

A

sexual contact, cuts, scratches and needle punctures

animals can act as vectors by carrying the pathogen between the infected and uninfected

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9
Q

factors affecting health

A

diet
stress
life situations:(gender, location, ethnicity, local sewage, levels of health care and financial status)

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10
Q

factors for bacteria growth

A

lots of oxygen(they aerobically respire)

moist

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11
Q

health problem interactions

A
  1. viruses living in cells can trigger cancer
  2. genes, poor nutrition or other infections can create defects in your immune system
  3. immune reactions caused by a pathogen can trigger allergies
  4. physical health can lead to mental illness
  5. malnutrition is linked to weak immune system, obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and cancer
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12
Q

calculating bacteria at end of growth period

A

bacteria at beginning x 2^number of division

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13
Q

HIV

  1. type
  2. spread by
  3. symptoms
  4. prevention
A
  1. virus
  2. sexual contact and exchanging bodily fluids
  3. flu-like, damages immune system
  4. condoms and not sharing needles
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14
Q

TMV

  1. type
  2. spread by
  3. symptoms
  4. prevention
A
  1. virus
  2. direct contact between plants
  3. mosaic patterns on leaves, reducing growth and photosynthesis
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15
Q

Rose black spot

  1. type
  2. spread by
  3. symptoms
  4. prevention
A
  1. fungus
  2. water and wind
  3. purple-black spots on leaves and reduced growth
  4. fungicides and removing leaves
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16
Q

Gonorrhoea

  1. type
  2. spread by
  3. symptoms
  4. prevention
A
  1. bacteria
  2. sexual contact
  3. urination pain and yellow/green discharge
  4. condoms and antibiotics
17
Q

Salmonella

  1. type
  2. spread by
  3. symptoms
  4. prevention
A
  1. bacteria
  2. eating contaminated food
  3. fever, diarrhoea, vomiting and stomach cramps
  4. washing food, cooking chicken thoroughly
18
Q

Measles

  1. type
  2. spread by
  3. symptoms
  4. prevention
A
  1. virus
  2. airborne droplets
  3. fever, red skin rash and death
  4. vaccination of children
19
Q

Malaria

  1. type
  2. spread by
  3. symptoms
  4. prevention
A
  1. protist
  2. mosquito vectors
  3. fever and death
  4. insecticides, mosquito nests and stopping mosquito breeding
20
Q

producing antitoxins

A

white blood cells produce antitoxins which counteract toxins produced by pathogens

21
Q

producing antibodies

A

white blood cells produce unique antibodies, that target specific corresponding pathogens

Immune system remembers this certain antibody and so acts more efficiently next time

22
Q

phagocytosis

A

phagocyte white blood cells ingest pathogens, digesting them and then destroying them

23
Q

six signs of plant disease

A
  1. stunted growth
  2. spots on leaves
  3. discolouration
  4. rot or decay
  5. malformed stems or leaves
  6. abnormal growths
24
Q

Skin defences

A
  1. acts as a barrier to prevent pathogens entering
  2. produces antimicrobial secretions to destroy pathogenic bacteria
  3. covered with microorganisms to act as an extra barrier
25
Q

Human defences

A
  1. noise is full of hairs and mucus to trap particles
  2. trachea and bronchi secrete mucus
  3. lining of tubes are covered in cilia to waft mucus up to back of the throat to be swallowed
  4. stomach produces acid that destroys microorganisms in mucus you swallow
26
Q

Plant defences

A
  1. cell walls, tough waxy cuticle and bark prevent pathogens from entering
  2. thorns and hairs deter animals
  3. poisons or antibacterial chemicals are secreted
  4. mimicry to replicate unhealthy plants
  5. leaves droop or curl to scare or knock off insects
27
Q

aphids

A

insects that have sharp mouthparts that penetrate into phloem vessel to feed on sugar-rich sap
can act as vectors

28
Q

nitrate deficiency

A

needed to make proteins for plant growth

plant becomes stunted

29
Q

magnesium deficiency

A

needed to make chlorophyll

causes leaves to turn yellow(chlorosis)
growth becomes stunted due to lack of photosynthesis

Biology (16 decks)

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