Ch11 Hormonal coordination

Question 1

Pituitary gland

Answer 1

Master gland
- stimulates thyroid gland, ovaries and testes
produces thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)

Question 2

Thyroid gland

Answer 2

uses iodine from diet to produce thyroxine

• controls metabolic rate of the body
• how much oxygen tissues use
• how brain of child develops
• how quickly substances break down/ build up

Question 3

adrenal gland

Answer 3

produces adrenaline

prepares the body for stressful situations

Question 4

ovaries

Answer 4

produce oestrogen
controls development of female secondary sexual characteristics
involved in menstrual cycle

Question 5

testes

Answer 5

produce testosterone
controls development of male secondary sexual characteristics
involved in production of sperm

Question 6

how body reduces blood glucose levels

Answer 6

pancreas detects high BGL
it is stimulated to secrete insulin
insulin causes glucose to move from blood into body cells(used for respiration)
insulin converts soluble glucose into insoluble glycogen and stores it in the liver and muscles
excess glucose is converted into lipids
BGL decreases

Question 7

how body increases blood glucose levels

Answer 7

pancreas detects low BGL
it is stimulated to secrete glucagon
glucagon converts insoluble glycogen into soluble glucose
liver releases the glucose into the blood
BGL increases

Question 8

type 2 diabetes

Answer 8

caused by obesity

body cells stop responding properly to insulin

Question 9

type 1 diabetes

Answer 9

genetic

pancreas doesn’t produce sufficient amount of insulin

Question 10

type 1 diabetes consequences

Answer 10

kidneys excrete glucose into urine
– produce lots of urine and feel thirst
glucose can’t enter body cells so no respiration
– lack energy
breaks down fats and proteins as fuels
- loose weight
problems with circulatory system, kidneys or eyesight

Question 11

Treating Type 2 diabetes

Answer 11

carbohydrate controlled diet
excercise regime
drugs: 
1. reduce glucose absorbed from gut
2. help pancreas make more insulin
3. help insulin work better on body cells

Question 12

Treating Type 1 diabetes

Answer 12

pancreas transplant

insulin injections

Question 13

adrenaline

Answer 13

heart and breathing rate increases
glycogen converted to glucose for respiration
pupils dilate to let in more light
mental awareness increases
blood diverted to big muscles

Question 14

Examples of negative feedbacks

Answer 14

TSH and thyroxine

insulin and glucagon

Question 15

phototropism

Answer 15

plants response to light

Question 16

phototropism system

Answer 16

1. auxin moves to unlit side of shoot
2. cells on that side are stimulated to grow because of response to hormone. Shoot beds towards the light
3. Light falls evenly on the shoot and now levels of the auxin becomes equal on all sides

Question 17

gravitropism

Answer 17

plants response to gravity

Question 18

gravitropism system

Answer 18

auxin gathers on the lower side of shoot and root
root cells grow more on the side with the least auxin(down- positive)
shoot grows on side with the most auxin(up- negative)

Question 19

auxin

Answer 19

hormone that causes plant responses to gravity and light

uneven distribution causes unequal growth

Question 20

uses of auxin

Answer 20

weed killers- causes uncontrolled growth
rooting powders
stimulate growth in tissue culture- cloning process

Question 21

uses of giberellins

Answer 21

initiates seed germination(ends seed dormancy)
promotes flowering
increases fruit size

Question 22

uses of ethene

Answer 22

in food industry to control the ripening of fruit during storage and transport

Question 23

endocrine system

Answer 23

pituitary gland
pancreas
thyroid
adrenal gland
ovary
testes