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Biology > Ch1 Cell structure and transport > Flashcards

Ch1 Cell structure and transport Flashcards

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1
Q

Plant cell structure

A 
Cell membrane 
Cell wall
Ribosomes
Mitochondria 
Permanent vacuole
Chloroplasts 
Nucleus
Cytoplasms
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2
Q

Animal cell structure

A 
Cell membrane 
Ribosomes
Mitochondria 
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
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3
Q

Cell membrane

A

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Where chemical reactions take place

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5
Q

Cell wall

A

Contains cellulose

Supports and strengthens cell

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6
Q

Eukaryotic

A

Plant cells
Animals cells
Fungi
Protista

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7
Q

Prokaryotic

A

bacteria

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8
Q

Permanent vacuole

A

Filled with cell sap

Keeps cell rigid to support plant

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9
Q

Mitochondria

A

Where respiration takes place

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10
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Contains green substance chlorophyll

Is where photosynthesis takes place

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11
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains genetic info

Controls activities of the cell

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12
Q

Ribosomes

A

Where protein synthesis takes place

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13
Q

Bacteria Cell structure

A 
cytoplasm
flagella
plasmids
genetic string
cell wall
cell membrane
slime capsule
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14
Q

flagella

A

long protein strand that moves the bacteria cell

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15
Q

plasmids

A

small rings of dna that code for specific features

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16
Q

Nerve cell function

A

Carry electrical

impulses around body

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17
Q

3 Nerve cell adaptations

A

lots of dendrites to make connections
an axon that carries nerve impulses from one place to another
lots of mitochondria to provide energy needed to make transmitter chemicals

18
Q

Muscle cell function

A

Contract and relax to move bones of skeleton

19
Q

Striated muscle cell adaptation

A

contain special proteins that slide over each other making fibres contact
contain many mitochondria to transfer energy needed for chemical reactions for movement
can store glycogen

20
Q

Sperm cell function

A

move through the female reproduction system to fertilise an egg

21
Q

Sperm cell adaptations

A

Long tail to help move the sperm
Middles section full of mitochondria, to transfer energy needed for tail to move
acrosome stores digestive enzymes for breaking down outer layers of eggs
large nucleus containing genetic info from the male
streamlined head

22
Q

Root hair cell function

A

Take up water via osmosis and mineral ions from soil via active transport

23
Q

Root hair cell adaptations

A

large SA
large permanent vacuole that speeds up movement of water via osmosis
Many mitochondria that transfer energy needed for active transport of mineral ions

24
Q

Xylem cell function

A

Transport tissue that carries water and mineral ions from roots to leaves.
Supports the plant

25
Q

Xylem cell adaptations

A

Chemical lignin builds up in spirals in cell walls, killing xylem cells to form long hollow tubes so water can move through easily
Spirals and rings of lignin makes cells strong enough to withstand pressure of water movement and help support the plant

26
Q

Phloem cell function

A

Transport tissue that carries dissolved foods up and down plant

27
Q

Phloem cells adaptations

A

Special sieve plates formed from cell walls allow water carrying food to move up and down
Supported by companion cells that transfer energy needed to move dissolved food up and down plant

28
Q

Diffusion

A

Net movement of particles form an area of high concentrations to low concentration(down the concentration gradient)

29
Q

Factors affecting diffusion rate

A

steepness of concentration gradient
the temperature
large SA
length of diffusion path

30
Q

Osmosis

A

Net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable me range from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution

31
Q

Hypertonic

A

Solute Concentration of external> Solute Concentration of internal

32
Q

Isotonic

A

Solute Concentration of external= Solute Concentration of internal

33
Q

Hypotonic

A

Solute Concentration of external< Solute Concentration of internal

34
Q

Plant osmosis

A

need fluid surrounding cells to be hypotonic to cytoplasm(turgid)

35
Q

Plasmolysis

A

If water is lost by osmosis, the vacuole and cytoplasm shrink, cell membrane pulls away from cell wall and plant cell dies

36
Q

Active transport

A

Substance moves against concentration gradient( lower to higher)
Energy is required

37
Q

Examples of active transport

A

Absorption of mineral ions from soil into root hair cells

Glucose absorbed out of gut and kidney tubules into the blood

38
Q

Adaptions for exchange surfaces

A

large SA

thin membrane to provide short diffusion path

efficient blood supply moves diffusing substances away from exchange surfaces and maintains steep concentration gradient

ventilation to make gas exchange more efficient by maintaining steep concentration gradient

39
Q

electron microscope advantages

A

higher magnification

higher resolving power

40
Q

magnification

A

size of image/ size of object

Biology (16 decks)

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