Ch.4 Flashcards
Visible light is passed through a specimen such as a microorganism or a thin slice of animal or plant tissue and then through glass lenses
Light microscope (LM)
All living things are composed of cells and all cells come from other cells
Cell theory
Focuses a beam of electrons through a specimen or onto its surface.
Can distinguish biological structures as small as 2 nanometers.
Explores cell ultrastructure.
Electron Microscope (EM)
This is used to study the details of internal cell structure.
It aims electron beams through a small thin section of a specimen just as a light microscope aims a beam of light through a specimen
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
This is used to study the detailed architecture of cells surfaces.
It uses an electron beam to scan the surface of a cell or other sample which is usually coated with a thin film of gold.
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
These cells have more surface area but smaller surface area relative to their volume
Large cells
These cells have more surface area relative to their volume. A greater surface volume ratio.
Small cells
This forms a flexible boundary eteeen the living cell and its surroundings. It is very thin and it structure correlates with its function. “Traffic cop”
Plasma membrane
This is composed of 2 distinct regions: - - a head with a negative charged phosphate group
- two nonpolar fatty acid tails
Phospholipid molecule
Two phospholipids group together to form a 2 layer ______.
Phospholipid bilayer
The tail of a phospholipid molecule points inward and is hyrdo______.
Hydrophobic
The head of a phospholipid molecule faces outward and is hydro______.
Hydrophilic
Prokaryotic cells are…
Bacteria and archaea
Prokaryote cells
Eukaryotic cells are…
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals
Each type of prokaryotes and eukaryotes share certain basic features and structures. Name 5.
Cytosol Chromosomes Ribosomes Cytoplasm Flagella
