Ch.3 Flashcards
(76 cards)
Carbon based molecules are
Organic compounds
Carbon atoms have 4 electrons in its valance shell, how does it complete its outer shell?
It completes its outer shell by sharing its 4 electrons with other atoms in 4 covalent bonds.
Compounds with the same formula but different structural arrangements are called?
Isomers
These participate in chemical reactions and text to be polar also making the compounds containing them hydrophilic or soluble in water.
Functional groups
A hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom which in turn is bonded to a carbon structure.
Hydroxyl group -OH
A carbon atom that is linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom?
Carbonyl group \C=O
Name examples of hydroxyl group compounds.
Ethanol
Alcohols
Name examples of carbonyl group compounds.
Aldehyde
Ketone
Simple sugars
These consist of carbons double bonded to an oxygen atom and bonded to a hydroxyl group. It acts as an acid by contributing H+ to a solution and becoming iodized.
Carboxyl group
-COOH
Compounds with carboxyl groups are called ______?
Carboxylic Acids
This is a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen’s and the carbon skeleton
It acts as a base by picking up an H+ from a solution.
Amino group
Name examples of amino group compounds.
Amine
Iodized
Consists of a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms.
Is usually ionized and attached to the carbon skeleton by one of its oxygen atoms.
Often involved in energy transfers
Phosphate group
Consists of carbon bonded to 3 hydrogen atoms and affects the expression of genes.
It is non polar, not reactive, and affects the molecular shape and function.
CH3
Methyl group
The most important molecules of all living things come from what 4 main classes.
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic acids
Gigantic molecules which include carbs, proteins and nucleic acids.
Macromolecules
Cells make most of their macromolecules by joining smaller molecules into chains consisting of many identical or similar building blocks strung together are called what?
Polymers
These are building blocks of polymers.
monomers
A reaction that removes a molecule of water as 2 molecules become bonded together. A way to make polymers.
Dehydration reaction
This is a digestion process of breaking down macromolecules that are too large to enter your cells. Essentially the opposite of dehydration reactions.
Hydrolysis
Specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reatcions in cells and are required in hydrolysis and dehydration reaction to make and break bonds.
Enzymes
The key to great diversity of polymers is ______. Variation in the sequence in which monomers are strung together.
Arrangement.
This is a class of molecules that range from small sugar molecules such as the sugar molecules dissolved in soft drinks, to large polysaccharides such as the starch molecules consumed in pasta and potatoes.
Carbohydrates
These are simple sugars and monomers of carbohydrate . They are the main fuel for cellular work.
Monosaccharides
