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esthe state board > CH.3 Physiology and Histology of the Skin. > Flashcards

CH.3 Physiology and Histology of the Skin. Flashcards

1
Q

What term refers to the study of the structure and composition of the skin tissue?

A

Skin histology.

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2
Q

All of the following refer to estheticians who specialize in the beauty and health of skin EXCPET
Technicians
Histologists
Skin therapists
Specialists

A

Histologists.

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3
Q

What is true of a client who has a scar on her arm?

A

That part of the arm will never grow hair.

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4
Q

How many skin cells are shed per minute?

A

30,000

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5
Q

What is the body’s largest organ?

A

Skin.

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6
Q

What are the basic material and building blocks for body tissues?

A

Proteins.

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7
Q

What is a characteristic of healthy skin?

A

Slightly acidic.

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8
Q

The human body’s tissues are built from..

A

proteins, which are built by amino acids.

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9
Q

A client’s skin would be considered healthy if it were
Not too soft.
Dry to the touch.
Smooth.
Not acidic.

A

Smooth.

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10
Q

What is also known as an oil gland?

A

Sebaceous gland.

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11
Q

An oil that provides protection for the epidermis and lubricates the skin and hair.

A

Sebum.

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12
Q

A hormone that stimulates skin cells to reproduce and heal.

A

Epidermal growth factor.

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13
Q

Water loss caused by evaporation on the skin’s surface.

A

Transepidermal water loss.

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14
Q

What protects us from skin irritation and intercellular transepidermal water loss?

A

Barrier function.

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15
Q

Small, cone shaped structures at the bottom of the hair follicles.

A

Hair pailla.

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16
Q

oil-water balance that protects the skins surface.

A

Hydrolipidic film.

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17
Q

What function of the skin is connected the most closely to stress reduction in babies?

A

Sensation.

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18
Q

If a client is showing signs of skin dehydration, it is likely because that client has damage to the…

A

Barrier function of the skin.

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19
Q

Evaporation, perspiration, radiation, and insulation are part of what function of the skin?

A

Heat regulation.

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20
Q

Vitamin D is synthesized from sunlight as part of the skin function known as…

A

Absorption.

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21
Q

Excretion is a function of the skin that involves which glands?

A

The sudoriferous glands.

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22
Q

Someone who is stressed may have an acne breakout because of stimulated…

A

Sebaceous glands.

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23
Q

What part of the skin has the most sensory nerve fibers?

A

Fingertips.

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24
Q

Insulation is provided by which part of the skin?

A

Adipose tissue.

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25
Q

Nancy is shivering with cold and goose bumps appear on her arms. This is an example of functioning…

A

Arrector Pili muscles.

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26
Q

The skin is 50-70%…

A

Water.

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27
Q

What color is eumelanin?

A

Dark brown to black.

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28
Q

What stimulates melanin production?

A

Exposure to sunlight.

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29
Q

Fatty tissue found below the dermis.

A

Subcutaneous layer.

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30
Q

Protein substance of complex fibers that gives skin its strength.

A

Collagen

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31
Q

What gives skin its elasticity and firmness?

A

Elastin.

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32
Q

Thin protective layer with many cells, mechanisms, and nerve endings.

A

Epidermis.

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33
Q

What is a hydrating fluid found in the skin?

A

Hyaluronic acid.

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34
Q

Outermost layer of the skin.

A

Epidermis.

35
Q

Melanin that is red and yellow in color.

A

Pheomelanin.

36
Q

Layer of the epidermis composed of cells filled with keratin that resemble granules.

A

Stratum granulosum.

37
Q

Top layer of the dermis next to the epidermis.

A

Papillary layer.

38
Q

A protective cushion and energy storage for the body.

A

Subcutaneous layer.

39
Q

What is also known as the horny layer?

A

Stratum corneum.

40
Q

Location where cell mitosis takes place.

A

Stratum germinativum.

41
Q

___ is made up of 5 layers: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum germinativum.

A

The epidermis.

42
Q

Dead protein cell that is dried out and lacks nuclei.

A

Corneocyte.

43
Q

Enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and thus produces melanin.

A

Tryosinase

44
Q

The papillary layer does not contain:
Blood vessels
Capillaries
Lymph vessels
Touch receptors

A

Lymph vessels.

45
Q

What gives skin its firmness

A

Collagen.

46
Q

Cell that produces skin pigment granules in the basal layer.

A

Melanocyte.

47
Q

What % of hair is comprised of hard keratin?

A

90%

48
Q

On the human body, all hair…

A

Is an appendage of the skin.

49
Q

Martha is a young woman with a normal rate of hair growth and hasn’t gotten a haircut for the past 6 months. How much has her hair likely grown?

A

3 inches.

50
Q

What is true of Alpha keratin?

A

It is softer than Beta keratin?

51
Q

Hair and skin both contain…

A

Melanin.

52
Q

What is the hyponychium?

A

A part of the nail structure.

53
Q

What is the technical term for the nail?

A

Onyx.

54
Q

Jim’s esthetician notices that there is a purplish tone under his fingernails. This condition related to circulation is called…

A

Cyanosis.

55
Q

Do fingernails grow faster in the summer or winter?

A

Summer.

56
Q

What are the two types of nerves called?

A

Sensory and motor.

57
Q

Another name for motor nerves.

A

Efferent nerves.

58
Q

What nerves are also known as afferent nerves?

A

Sensory nerves.

59
Q

Goosebumps are an example of a…

A

Motor nerve functioning.

60
Q

Reaction to cold is an example of…

A

A sensory nerve functioning.

61
Q

Protecting the skin and body against disease.
Removing toxins and cellular waste.
Bathing the skin cells.

A

Functions of lymph.

62
Q

What type of glands secrete oil?

A

Sebaceous glands

63
Q

A coiled structure attached to hair follicles in the underarm and genital area that secretes sweat.

A

Apocrine gland.

64
Q

Sweat gland found all over the body with openings on the skin’s surface through pores.

A

Eccrine gland.

65
Q

In a period of high stress, Jamie notices her underarms smell more strongly. This is due to the production of her…

A

Apocrine glands.

66
Q

Bryce is working out and his palms are sweaty, which is a result of his…

A

Eccrine glands.

67
Q

What effect does nicotine have on the body?

A

Contraction of the blood vessels.

68
Q

What type of ultraviolet radiation is known as the burning rays?

A

UVB.

69
Q

Where do phytoestrogens come from?

A

Plants.

70
Q

White blood cell that has enzymes to digest and kill bacteria and parasites.

A

Leukocyte.

71
Q

Cell that attacks virus infected cells, foreign cells, and cancer cells.

A

T cell.

72
Q

Condition in which capillaries that have been damaged are now larger, or distended, blood vessels?

A

Telangiectasia.

73
Q

The circulation of blood from the heart to arteries, to capillaries, to venules, and then back to the heart?

A

Microcirculation.

74
Q

Glycolipid materials that are a natural part of skin’s intercellular matrix and barrier function.

A

Ceramides.

75
Q

What is stronger and more damaging than UVA rays?

A

UVB radiation.

76
Q

Alters protein structures and decreases biological activity.

A

Glycation.

77
Q

Condition in which capillaries have been damaged.

A

Telangiectasia.

78
Q

Weakens the skin’s collagen.
Can cause genetic damage.
More prevalent than UVB

A

UVA radiation.

79
Q

What is a longer wavelength ranging between 320 and 400 nanometers that penetrates deeper into the skin than UVB?

A

UVA radiation.

80
Q

Also known as aging rays

A

UVA radiation.

81
Q

Exfoliation removes and depletes…

A

Lipids.

82
Q

Skin cells have built-in antioxidants that help to stem the damage caused by..

A

Free radicals.

83
Q

Alice drinks alcohol to excess. What might be a reaction that will occur over time due to the bonding of her protein molecules with glucose?

A

Hyperpigmentation.

84
Q

As skin ages…

A

Collagen and elastin levels both decrease.

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