CH.3 Physiology and Histology of the Skin. Flashcards
What term refers to the study of the structure and composition of the skin tissue?
Skin histology.
All of the following refer to estheticians who specialize in the beauty and health of skin EXCPET
Technicians
Histologists
Skin therapists
Specialists
Histologists.
What is true of a client who has a scar on her arm?
That part of the arm will never grow hair.
How many skin cells are shed per minute?
30,000
What is the body’s largest organ?
Skin.
What are the basic material and building blocks for body tissues?
Proteins.
What is a characteristic of healthy skin?
Slightly acidic.
The human body’s tissues are built from..
proteins, which are built by amino acids.
A client’s skin would be considered healthy if it were
Not too soft.
Dry to the touch.
Smooth.
Not acidic.
Smooth.
What is also known as an oil gland?
Sebaceous gland.
An oil that provides protection for the epidermis and lubricates the skin and hair.
Sebum.
A hormone that stimulates skin cells to reproduce and heal.
Epidermal growth factor.
Water loss caused by evaporation on the skin’s surface.
Transepidermal water loss.
What protects us from skin irritation and intercellular transepidermal water loss?
Barrier function.
Small, cone shaped structures at the bottom of the hair follicles.
Hair pailla.
oil-water balance that protects the skins surface.
Hydrolipidic film.
What function of the skin is connected the most closely to stress reduction in babies?
Sensation.
If a client is showing signs of skin dehydration, it is likely because that client has damage to the…
Barrier function of the skin.
Evaporation, perspiration, radiation, and insulation are part of what function of the skin?
Heat regulation.
Vitamin D is synthesized from sunlight as part of the skin function known as…
Absorption.
Excretion is a function of the skin that involves which glands?
The sudoriferous glands.
Someone who is stressed may have an acne breakout because of stimulated…
Sebaceous glands.
What part of the skin has the most sensory nerve fibers?
Fingertips.
Insulation is provided by which part of the skin?
Adipose tissue.
Nancy is shivering with cold and goose bumps appear on her arms. This is an example of functioning…
Arrector Pili muscles.
The skin is 50-70%…
Water.
What color is eumelanin?
Dark brown to black.
What stimulates melanin production?
Exposure to sunlight.
Fatty tissue found below the dermis.
Subcutaneous layer.
Protein substance of complex fibers that gives skin its strength.
Collagen
What gives skin its elasticity and firmness?
Elastin.
Thin protective layer with many cells, mechanisms, and nerve endings.
Epidermis.
What is a hydrating fluid found in the skin?
Hyaluronic acid.
Outermost layer of the skin.
Epidermis.
Melanin that is red and yellow in color.
Pheomelanin.
Layer of the epidermis composed of cells filled with keratin that resemble granules.
Stratum granulosum.
Top layer of the dermis next to the epidermis.
Papillary layer.
A protective cushion and energy storage for the body.
Subcutaneous layer.
What is also known as the horny layer?
Stratum corneum.
Location where cell mitosis takes place.
Stratum germinativum.
___ is made up of 5 layers: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum germinativum.
The epidermis.
Dead protein cell that is dried out and lacks nuclei.
Corneocyte.
Enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and thus produces melanin.
Tryosinase
The papillary layer does not contain:
Blood vessels
Capillaries
Lymph vessels
Touch receptors
Lymph vessels.
What gives skin its firmness
Collagen.
Cell that produces skin pigment granules in the basal layer.
Melanocyte.
What % of hair is comprised of hard keratin?
90%
On the human body, all hair…
Is an appendage of the skin.
Martha is a young woman with a normal rate of hair growth and hasn’t gotten a haircut for the past 6 months. How much has her hair likely grown?
3 inches.
What is true of Alpha keratin?
It is softer than Beta keratin?
Hair and skin both contain…
Melanin.
What is the hyponychium?
A part of the nail structure.
What is the technical term for the nail?
Onyx.
Jim’s esthetician notices that there is a purplish tone under his fingernails. This condition related to circulation is called…
Cyanosis.
Do fingernails grow faster in the summer or winter?
Summer.
What are the two types of nerves called?
Sensory and motor.
Another name for motor nerves.
Efferent nerves.
What nerves are also known as afferent nerves?
Sensory nerves.
Goosebumps are an example of a…
Motor nerve functioning.
Reaction to cold is an example of…
A sensory nerve functioning.
Protecting the skin and body against disease.
Removing toxins and cellular waste.
Bathing the skin cells.
Functions of lymph.
What type of glands secrete oil?
Sebaceous glands
A coiled structure attached to hair follicles in the underarm and genital area that secretes sweat.
Apocrine gland.
Sweat gland found all over the body with openings on the skin’s surface through pores.
Eccrine gland.
In a period of high stress, Jamie notices her underarms smell more strongly. This is due to the production of her…
Apocrine glands.
Bryce is working out and his palms are sweaty, which is a result of his…
Eccrine glands.
What effect does nicotine have on the body?
Contraction of the blood vessels.
What type of ultraviolet radiation is known as the burning rays?
UVB.
Where do phytoestrogens come from?
Plants.
White blood cell that has enzymes to digest and kill bacteria and parasites.
Leukocyte.
Cell that attacks virus infected cells, foreign cells, and cancer cells.
T cell.
Condition in which capillaries that have been damaged are now larger, or distended, blood vessels?
Telangiectasia.
The circulation of blood from the heart to arteries, to capillaries, to venules, and then back to the heart?
Microcirculation.
Glycolipid materials that are a natural part of skin’s intercellular matrix and barrier function.
Ceramides.
What is stronger and more damaging than UVA rays?
UVB radiation.
Alters protein structures and decreases biological activity.
Glycation.
Condition in which capillaries have been damaged.
Telangiectasia.
Weakens the skin’s collagen.
Can cause genetic damage.
More prevalent than UVB
UVA radiation.
What is a longer wavelength ranging between 320 and 400 nanometers that penetrates deeper into the skin than UVB?
UVA radiation.
Also known as aging rays
UVA radiation.
Exfoliation removes and depletes…
Lipids.
Skin cells have built-in antioxidants that help to stem the damage caused by..
Free radicals.
Alice drinks alcohol to excess. What might be a reaction that will occur over time due to the bonding of her protein molecules with glucose?
Hyperpigmentation.
As skin ages…
Collagen and elastin levels both decrease.
