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esthe state board > CH. 7 Electricity Slides > Flashcards

CH. 7 Electricity Slides Flashcards

1
Q

The flow of electricity along a conductor.

A

Electric current.

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2
Q

Any material that conducts electricity.

A

Conductor.

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3
Q

Material that does not transmit electricity.
aka insulator.

A

Nonconductor.

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4
Q

Rubber
Silk
Wood
Glass
Cement

A

Insulator.

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5
Q

The path that negative & positive electric current take from the generating source.

A

Complete electric circuit.

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6
Q

Constant, even flowing current, traveling in one direction.
Produces a chemical reaction.
Batteries use this type of current.

A

Direct Current (DC).

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7
Q

Rapid, interrupted current flowing in one direction then another.
It produces a mechanical action.
Appliances plugged into the wall use this kind of current.

A

Alternating Current (AC).

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8
Q

Apparatus used to change direct current into alternating.

A

An Inverters.

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9
Q

Apparatus used to change alternating current into direct current.

A

Rectifiers.

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10
Q

Measure the pressure that forces electric current forward.

A

Volt (V).

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11
Q

Measures the strength of current running through a wire (the number of electrons flowing throw a wire).

A

Ampere (A).

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12
Q

1/1000th of an ampere.
Used for facials & scalp treatments: amps would be too strong.

A

Milliampere.

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13
Q

Measures resistance of an electrical current.

A

Ohm (O).

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14
Q

Measures how much electric energy is used in one second.

A

Watt (W).

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15
Q

Equals 1000 watts.

A

Kilowatt (kW).

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16
Q

Prevents overheating of electric wires.

A

Fuse.

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17
Q

Doesn’t require replacement every time a swit ch is thrown.
Shuts down w/ the first indication of overheating or circuit trouble.

A

Circuit Breaker.

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18
Q

Completes an electrical circuit & carries the current safely away.

A

Grounding.

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19
Q

Supplies the current to the circuit.

A

Live Connection.

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20
Q

Completes the circuit & carries the current safely away to the ground.

A

Ground Connection.

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21
Q

Designed to protect from electrical shock by interrupting a household circuit when there is a leak in the circuit.

A

Ground Fault Interruptor (GFI).

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22
Q

Certifies the safety of electrical appliances.

A

Underwriters Laboratories (UL).

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23
Q

Electronic facial treatments are referred to as…

A

Electrotherapy.

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24
Q

Treatments are called…

A

Modalities.

25
Q

Applicator for directing the electric current from the device to the client’s skin.
Usually made of carbon, glass, or metal.

A

Electrode or Probe.

26
Q

Galvanic current, microcurrent, & Tesla high-frequency current are examples of…

A

Modalities.

27
Q

Constant & direct current.
Has a positive & negative pole & produces chemical changes when it passes through tissues & body fluids.
Chemical change = liquifies our sebum & turns it into soap.

A

Galvanic Current.

28
Q

The electrode used on the area to be treated.

A

Active electrode.

29
Q

The opposite pole from the active electrode.

A

Inactive electrode.

30
Q

The process of introducing water soluble products in the skin w/ the use of electric current such as the use of positive & negative poles of a galvanic machine.

A

Iontophoresis.

31
Q

Forces acidic substances into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive toward the negative pole.

A

Cataphoresis.

32
Q

The process of forcing liquids into tissues from the negative toward the positive pole.

A

Anaphoresis.

33
Q

Process used to soften & emulsify grease deposits (oil) & blackheads in hair follicles & pores. Frequently used to treat acne, milia, & comedones.

A

Desincrustation.

34
Q

-Improves blood/lymph circulation.
-Produces acidic & alkaline reactions.
-Opens & closes hair follicles & pores.
-Increases muscle tone.
-Restores elasticity.
-Reduces redness & inflammation.
-Minimizes healing time for acne lesions.
-Improves natural protective barrier of skin.
-Increases metabolism.

Great anti aging modality, immediate results
service once a week for 10 weeks and then once a month for upkeep.

A

Microcurrent benefits.

35
Q

The thermal or heat producing current w/ a high rate of oscillation or vibration & commonly called the violet ray.
Used to treat thinning hair, itchy scalp, excessively oily or dry skin & scalp.

A

Tesla high frequency current.

36
Q

Stimulates circulation of blood.
Aids in absorption.
Increases skin metabolism.
Improved germicidal action.
Relieves skin congestion.

Uses molecular oxygen to destroy bacteria.

A

Benefits of tesla current.

37
Q

-Pacemaker/heart conditions/ high blood pressure.
-Taking multiple medications.
-Mental health disorders.
-Epilepsy.
-Bleeding disorder.
-Open cuts, sores, pustular acne, abrasions.
-Diabetes.
-Metal dental or facial implants.
-Pregnancy.
-Dilated capillaries.
-Recent laser resurfacing/ chemical peel.
-Client uses accutane or retinoids.
-Cancer.

A

Contraindications for Electrotherapy.

38
Q

The esthetician holds the hand-piece where the glass electrode is inserted & applies it to the client’s skin, moving it slower over the entire face.
Treatment is good for acne & disinfecting.

A

Direct surface application.

39
Q

Client holds the tube electrode while the esthetician massages face w/ her hands.
Esthetician does not hold electrode.
Current is turned on only after client has firmly grasped the electrode & turned off before client lets go of electrode.
Treatment is good for sensitive, dehydrated skin.

A

Indirect application.

40
Q

A form of energy that travels through space in waves & has both electric & magnetic properties.

A

Electromagnetic spectrum.

41
Q

The distance between successive peaks of electromagnetic waves.

A

Wavelength.

42
Q

Have a low frequency, deeper penetration, less energy.

A

Long wavelengths.

43
Q

Have a higher frequency, less penetration, more energy.

A

Short wavelengths.

44
Q

The waves are similar to the waves caused when a stone is dropped on the surface of water.
The distance between two successive peaks is called the wavelength.

A

Waveform.

45
Q

Electromagnetic radiation that we can see.
Also called radiant energy because it carries, or radiates, energy through space on waves.

A

Visible light.

46
Q

Shortest & least penetrating light of the spectrum.

A

Invisible light.

47
Q

What % of visible light makes up natural sunlight?

A

35%

48
Q

What % of invisible infrared light makes up natural sunlight?

A

60%

49
Q

What % of invisible ultraviolet light makes up natural sunlight?

A

5%

50
Q

Has shorter wavelengths, penetrates less, & produces less heat than visible light does
Produces chemical effects & kills germs.

A

Ultraviolet radiation.

51
Q

Has longest wavelength of the UV light spectrum & penetrates directly into the dermis of the skin, damaging the collagen & elastin.
Used in tanning beds.
Causes skin cancer.

A

Ultraviolet A (UVA)

52
Q

Often called the burning light because it is most associated w/ sunburns.
Causes skin cancer.

A

Ultraviolet B (UVB)

53
Q

Blocked by the ozone layer.
Effective at killing bacteria, viruses, mold & other pathogens.

A

Ultraviolet C (UVC)

54
Q

Positive (+) & red

A

Anode.

55
Q

Negative (-) & black

A

Cathode.

56
Q

Has longer wavelengths, penetrates more deeply, has less energy, & produces more heat than visible light.
Makes up 60% of natural sunlight.

A

Infrared light.

57
Q

Application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal.
AKA Phototherapy

A

Light therapy.

58
Q

Process that turns the light from the laser into heat.

Can remove blood vessels.
Can disable hair follicles.
Can remove tattoos.
Can eliminate some wrinkles.

A

Photothermolysis.

59
Q
A

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