CH. 7 Electricity Slides Flashcards
The flow of electricity along a conductor.
Electric current.
Any material that conducts electricity.
Conductor.
Material that does not transmit electricity.
aka insulator.
Nonconductor.
Rubber
Silk
Wood
Glass
Cement
Insulator.
The path that negative & positive electric current take from the generating source.
Complete electric circuit.
Constant, even flowing current, traveling in one direction.
Produces a chemical reaction.
Batteries use this type of current.
Direct Current (DC).
Rapid, interrupted current flowing in one direction then another.
It produces a mechanical action.
Appliances plugged into the wall use this kind of current.
Alternating Current (AC).
Apparatus used to change direct current into alternating.
An Inverters.
Apparatus used to change alternating current into direct current.
Rectifiers.
Measure the pressure that forces electric current forward.
Volt (V).
Measures the strength of current running through a wire (the number of electrons flowing throw a wire).
Ampere (A).
1/1000th of an ampere.
Used for facials & scalp treatments: amps would be too strong.
Milliampere.
Measures resistance of an electrical current.
Ohm (O).
Measures how much electric energy is used in one second.
Watt (W).
Equals 1000 watts.
Kilowatt (kW).
Prevents overheating of electric wires.
Fuse.
Doesn’t require replacement every time a swit ch is thrown.
Shuts down w/ the first indication of overheating or circuit trouble.
Circuit Breaker.
Completes an electrical circuit & carries the current safely away.
Grounding.
Supplies the current to the circuit.
Live Connection.
Completes the circuit & carries the current safely away to the ground.
Ground Connection.
Designed to protect from electrical shock by interrupting a household circuit when there is a leak in the circuit.
Ground Fault Interruptor (GFI).
Certifies the safety of electrical appliances.
Underwriters Laboratories (UL).
Electronic facial treatments are referred to as…
Electrotherapy.
Treatments are called…
Modalities.
Applicator for directing the electric current from the device to the client’s skin.
Usually made of carbon, glass, or metal.
Electrode or Probe.
Galvanic current, microcurrent, & Tesla high-frequency current are examples of…
Modalities.
Constant & direct current.
Has a positive & negative pole & produces chemical changes when it passes through tissues & body fluids.
Chemical change = liquifies our sebum & turns it into soap.
Galvanic Current.
The electrode used on the area to be treated.
Active electrode.
The opposite pole from the active electrode.
Inactive electrode.
The process of introducing water soluble products in the skin w/ the use of electric current such as the use of positive & negative poles of a galvanic machine.
Iontophoresis.
Forces acidic substances into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive toward the negative pole.
Cataphoresis.
The process of forcing liquids into tissues from the negative toward the positive pole.
Anaphoresis.
Process used to soften & emulsify grease deposits (oil) & blackheads in hair follicles & pores. Frequently used to treat acne, milia, & comedones.
Desincrustation.
-Improves blood/lymph circulation.
-Produces acidic & alkaline reactions.
-Opens & closes hair follicles & pores.
-Increases muscle tone.
-Restores elasticity.
-Reduces redness & inflammation.
-Minimizes healing time for acne lesions.
-Improves natural protective barrier of skin.
-Increases metabolism.
Great anti aging modality, immediate results
service once a week for 10 weeks and then once a month for upkeep.
Microcurrent benefits.
The thermal or heat producing current w/ a high rate of oscillation or vibration & commonly called the violet ray.
Used to treat thinning hair, itchy scalp, excessively oily or dry skin & scalp.
Tesla high frequency current.
Stimulates circulation of blood.
Aids in absorption.
Increases skin metabolism.
Improved germicidal action.
Relieves skin congestion.
Uses molecular oxygen to destroy bacteria.
Benefits of tesla current.
-Pacemaker/heart conditions/ high blood pressure.
-Taking multiple medications.
-Mental health disorders.
-Epilepsy.
-Bleeding disorder.
-Open cuts, sores, pustular acne, abrasions.
-Diabetes.
-Metal dental or facial implants.
-Pregnancy.
-Dilated capillaries.
-Recent laser resurfacing/ chemical peel.
-Client uses accutane or retinoids.
-Cancer.
Contraindications for Electrotherapy.
The esthetician holds the hand-piece where the glass electrode is inserted & applies it to the client’s skin, moving it slower over the entire face.
Treatment is good for acne & disinfecting.
Direct surface application.
Client holds the tube electrode while the esthetician massages face w/ her hands.
Esthetician does not hold electrode.
Current is turned on only after client has firmly grasped the electrode & turned off before client lets go of electrode.
Treatment is good for sensitive, dehydrated skin.
Indirect application.
A form of energy that travels through space in waves & has both electric & magnetic properties.
Electromagnetic spectrum.
The distance between successive peaks of electromagnetic waves.
Wavelength.
Have a low frequency, deeper penetration, less energy.
Long wavelengths.
Have a higher frequency, less penetration, more energy.
Short wavelengths.
The waves are similar to the waves caused when a stone is dropped on the surface of water.
The distance between two successive peaks is called the wavelength.
Waveform.
Electromagnetic radiation that we can see.
Also called radiant energy because it carries, or radiates, energy through space on waves.
Visible light.
Shortest & least penetrating light of the spectrum.
Invisible light.
What % of visible light makes up natural sunlight?
35%
What % of invisible infrared light makes up natural sunlight?
60%
What % of invisible ultraviolet light makes up natural sunlight?
5%
Has shorter wavelengths, penetrates less, & produces less heat than visible light does
Produces chemical effects & kills germs.
Ultraviolet radiation.
Has longest wavelength of the UV light spectrum & penetrates directly into the dermis of the skin, damaging the collagen & elastin.
Used in tanning beds.
Causes skin cancer.
Ultraviolet A (UVA)
Often called the burning light because it is most associated w/ sunburns.
Causes skin cancer.
Ultraviolet B (UVB)
Blocked by the ozone layer.
Effective at killing bacteria, viruses, mold & other pathogens.
Ultraviolet C (UVC)
Positive (+) & red
Anode.
Negative (-) & black
Cathode.
Has longer wavelengths, penetrates more deeply, has less energy, & produces more heat than visible light.
Makes up 60% of natural sunlight.
Infrared light.
Application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal.
AKA Phototherapy
Light therapy.
Process that turns the light from the laser into heat.
Can remove blood vessels.
Can disable hair follicles.
Can remove tattoos.
Can eliminate some wrinkles.
Photothermolysis.
