CH. 6 Chem slides Flashcards
The daily functioning of our bodies is based on…
Chemical reactions.
The effects of cosmetics & beauty products are based on…
How the body reacts to chemicals.
The science that deals w/ the composition, structures, & properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions.
Chemistry.
Any substance that occupies space & has mass.
Exists in the form of a solid, liquid, or gas.
Matter.
Cannot be reduced without loss of identity..
Elements.
Chemical combination of two or more atoms.
Molecules.
The basic unit of matter, with a nucleus at the center surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
Atoms.
Chemical combination of atoms of the same element.
Elemental molecule.
Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction & that do not involve a chemical change in the substance.
Physical properties.
Chemical compounds of two or more atoms of different elements, in fixed proportions.
Compound molecule.
Change in a substance’s chemical composition.
Creates new substances w/ different properties.
Chemical change.
A chemical combination of matter in a definite (fixed) proportion.
Have unique properties.
Pure substances.
Physical combination of matter in any proportion.
Combined properties of the substances in a mixture.
Physical mixtures.
mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form solutions.
Miscible liquids.
Not capable of being mixed to form stable solutions.
Immiscible liquids.
Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid.
Suspension.
Unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances, plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier.
Emulsion.
Ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable mixture.
Emulsifiers.
A stable, uniform mixture of two or more substances in a solvent.
Solution.
The dissolved substance in a solution.
Solute.
The substance, usually liquid, which dissolves another substance to form a solution, with no change in chemical composition.
Solvent.
Substances that allow oil & water to mix, or emulsify.
Surfactants.
Semisolids made with any combination of petroleum, oil, & wax.
Ointments.
Physical mixture of two solids.
Powders.
Soaps were the first…
Surfactants.
Evaporate easily
Ex: Isopropyl alcohol, Ethyl alcohol
Volatile alcohols.
Alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products. Often used in place of ammonia.
Alkanolamines.
Colorless w/ pungent odor.
Composed of nitrogen & hydrogen.
Ammonia.
Sweet, colorless, oily substance.
Used as a solvent & moisturizer.
Glycerin.
Special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants for the skin, & nail polish dryers.
Silicone.
Compounds that contain carbon (organic) & evaporate very easily (volatile).
Volatile organic compound.
Refers to how prolonged, repeated, or long term exposure to certain product ingredients can cause sensitivity in some people.
Overexposure.