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esthe state board > CH. 2 Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

CH. 2 Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the study of structures of the human body that can be seen with the naked eye?

A

Anatomy.

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2
Q

What term refers to the study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures?

A

Physiology.

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3
Q

What is the study of the tiny structures found in living tissue?

A

Histology.

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4
Q

The process of a cell dividing into two identical daughter cells.

A

Mitosis.

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5
Q

The process of changing food into forms the body can use as energy.

A

Metabolism.

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6
Q

The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell.

A

The nucleus.

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7
Q

The blueprint material of genetic information.

A

DNA.

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8
Q

What do human cells need to grow and reproduce?

A

Ability to eliminate waste products.

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9
Q

What type of tissue is composed of neurons?

A

Nerve.

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10
Q

What type of tissue gives smoothness and contour to the body?

A

Adipose.

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11
Q

Provides a protective covering for body cavities and the surfaces of organs…

A

Epithelial tissue.

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12
Q

Contracts and moves the various parts of the body…

A

Muscle tissue.

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13
Q

Structure composed of socialized tissues that performs specific functions in plants or animals…

A

Organs.

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14
Q

A recent and sever acne breakout would most likely have its biological source in which system?

A

Endocrine system.

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15
Q

What system is most directly connected to an esthetician’s daily work with clients?

A

The integumentary system.

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16
Q

The system consisting of the skin and its accessory organs, sensory receptors, hair, and nails.

A

The integumentary system.

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17
Q

What is NOT an accessory to the skin?

A

Endocrine glands.

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18
Q

What are the oil and sweat glands also called

A

Exocrine glands.

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19
Q

What is the lunula a part of?

A

The nail.

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20
Q

What does integument mean?

A

Protective covering.

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21
Q

What are phalanges?

A

Bones of the arms and hands.

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22
Q

Providing shape and support to the body.
Producing blood cells for the body.
Protecting internal structures and organs.

A

Functions of the skeletal system.

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23
Q

What is the humerus?

A

Bone of the arms and hands.

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24
Q

What bone is also known as the collarbone?

A

The clavicle.

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25
Q

What are the two basic types of joints?

A

Moveable and immovable.

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26
Q

What other body system is most directly connected with the bone marrow part of the skeletal system?

A

The circulatory system.

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27
Q

What bones form the bridge of the nose?

A

The nasal bones.

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28
Q

Cheekbones.
Malar bones.
Zygomatic bones.

A

Bones that form the cheeks.

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29
Q

Strongest bone of the face.

A

Mandible.

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30
Q

Most fragile bones of the face are located in the..

A

Eye socket.

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31
Q

What term refers to the part of the muscle that is the movable attachment and farthest from the skeleton?

A

Insertion.

32
Q

What covers, shapes, and supports the skeletal tissue?

A

The muscular system.

33
Q

Zygomaticus minor

A

Muscle of the mouth.

34
Q

Part of the muscle that does not move.

A

Origin.

35
Q

Middle part of the muscle.

A

Belly.

36
Q

What is the Sternocleidomastoid?

A

Muscle that extends along the side of the neck from the ear to the collarbone.

37
Q

The basic cell of the nervous system.

A

Neuron.

38
Q

Which body system controls and coordinates all other systems so they work harmoniously and efficiently?

A

Nervous system.

39
Q

The system that connects the outer parts of the body to the central nervous system.

A

Peripheral nervous system.

40
Q

System that controls consciousness and many mental activities, voluntary functions of the five senses, and voluntary muscle actions including all body movements and facial expressions.

A

Central nervous system.

41
Q

What is the largest of the cranial nerves?

A

Fifth.

42
Q

What part of the nervous system controls the involuntary muscles?

A

Autonomic nervous system.

43
Q

The system that controls the steady movement of blood through the body.

A

The circulatory system.

44
Q

Process that involves sending blood from the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated.

A

Pulmonary circulation.

45
Q

The fluid part of blood that contains 90% water and acts as a delivery system.

A

Plasma.

46
Q

When considering the major body organs, the heart has the function of___

A

Circulating the blood.

47
Q

The circulation of oxygenated blood back to the heart again.

A

Systemic circulation.

48
Q

The nutrient-rich fluid circulating through the circulatory system.

A

Blood.

49
Q

A cell that destroys disease-causing germs.

A

White blood cell.

50
Q

Destroys disease causing toxins and bacteria.

A

The lymphatic/immune system.

51
Q

The lymphatic and immune systems contain the…

A

Thymus gland
Spleen
Liver.

52
Q

Both the lymphatic and the circulatory systems…

A

Carry fluids.

53
Q

What systems both directly work to develop resistance to pathogens?

A

Lymphatic and immune.

54
Q

The part of the body that is a large lymph node.

A

Spleen.

55
Q

What system can an esthetician perform a service on in order to reduce swelling after a treatment?

A

Lymphatic.

56
Q

Fluid that bathes and surrounds the cells and contains components that are involved in blood clotting and wound healing.

A

Interstitial fluid.

57
Q

A specialized organ that produces chemicals necessary for the body to function optimally.

A

Gland.

58
Q

What system is made up of a group of specialized glands that affect the growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the entire body?

A

Endocrine.

59
Q

What controls insulin and glucagon production?

A

Pancreas.

60
Q

Affects sexual development, sleep, and metabolism.

A

Pineal gland.

61
Q

Secretion produced by an endocrine gland.

A

Hormone.

62
Q

What gland is most closely connected to the production of breast milk?

A

Pituitary gland.

63
Q

What gland requires iodine to function properly?

A

Thyroid gland.

64
Q

What gland is connected to skin melanization?

A

Adrenal gland.

65
Q

What is calcium regulated by?

A

Parathyroid glands.

66
Q

What is a change associated with aging and the reproductive system?

A

Loss of collagen.

67
Q

Melasma refers to a change in ___ sometimes caused by hormones connected with the reproductive system.

A

Pigmentation.

68
Q

During ____ oxygen is absorbed into the blood.

A

Inhalation.

69
Q

The process of expelling carbon dioxide from the lungs.

A

Exhalation.

70
Q

Muscular wall that helps control breathing.

A

Diaphragm.

71
Q

The process of moving food along the digestive track.

A

Peristalsis.

72
Q

The breakdown of food by chemical and mechanical means

A

Digestion.

73
Q

The kidneys have the function of…

A

Excreting urin.

74
Q

The body system responsible for purifying the body by elimination of waste matter.

A

Excretory system.

75
Q

What organ discharges bile, which breaks down into digestive fat?

A

Liver.

76
Q

As part of the excretory system, the skin is responsible for…

A

Eliminating perspiration.

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