CH. 2 Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
What is the study of structures of the human body that can be seen with the naked eye?
Anatomy.
What term refers to the study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures?
Physiology.
What is the study of the tiny structures found in living tissue?
Histology.
The process of a cell dividing into two identical daughter cells.
Mitosis.
The process of changing food into forms the body can use as energy.
Metabolism.
The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell.
The nucleus.
The blueprint material of genetic information.
DNA.
What do human cells need to grow and reproduce?
Ability to eliminate waste products.
What type of tissue is composed of neurons?
Nerve.
What type of tissue gives smoothness and contour to the body?
Adipose.
Provides a protective covering for body cavities and the surfaces of organs…
Epithelial tissue.
Contracts and moves the various parts of the body…
Muscle tissue.
Structure composed of socialized tissues that performs specific functions in plants or animals…
Organs.
A recent and sever acne breakout would most likely have its biological source in which system?
Endocrine system.
What system is most directly connected to an esthetician’s daily work with clients?
The integumentary system.
The system consisting of the skin and its accessory organs, sensory receptors, hair, and nails.
The integumentary system.
What is NOT an accessory to the skin?
Endocrine glands.
What are the oil and sweat glands also called
Exocrine glands.
What is the lunula a part of?
The nail.
What does integument mean?
Protective covering.
What are phalanges?
Bones of the arms and hands.
Providing shape and support to the body.
Producing blood cells for the body.
Protecting internal structures and organs.
Functions of the skeletal system.
What is the humerus?
Bone of the arms and hands.
What bone is also known as the collarbone?
The clavicle.
What are the two basic types of joints?
Moveable and immovable.
What other body system is most directly connected with the bone marrow part of the skeletal system?
The circulatory system.
What bones form the bridge of the nose?
The nasal bones.
Cheekbones.
Malar bones.
Zygomatic bones.
Bones that form the cheeks.
Strongest bone of the face.
Mandible.
Most fragile bones of the face are located in the..
Eye socket.
What term refers to the part of the muscle that is the movable attachment and farthest from the skeleton?
Insertion.
What covers, shapes, and supports the skeletal tissue?
The muscular system.
Zygomaticus minor
Muscle of the mouth.
Part of the muscle that does not move.
Origin.
Middle part of the muscle.
Belly.
What is the Sternocleidomastoid?
Muscle that extends along the side of the neck from the ear to the collarbone.
The basic cell of the nervous system.
Neuron.
Which body system controls and coordinates all other systems so they work harmoniously and efficiently?
Nervous system.
The system that connects the outer parts of the body to the central nervous system.
Peripheral nervous system.
System that controls consciousness and many mental activities, voluntary functions of the five senses, and voluntary muscle actions including all body movements and facial expressions.
Central nervous system.
What is the largest of the cranial nerves?
Fifth.
What part of the nervous system controls the involuntary muscles?
Autonomic nervous system.
The system that controls the steady movement of blood through the body.
The circulatory system.
Process that involves sending blood from the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated.
Pulmonary circulation.
The fluid part of blood that contains 90% water and acts as a delivery system.
Plasma.
When considering the major body organs, the heart has the function of___
Circulating the blood.
The circulation of oxygenated blood back to the heart again.
Systemic circulation.
The nutrient-rich fluid circulating through the circulatory system.
Blood.
A cell that destroys disease-causing germs.
White blood cell.
Destroys disease causing toxins and bacteria.
The lymphatic/immune system.
The lymphatic and immune systems contain the…
Thymus gland
Spleen
Liver.
Both the lymphatic and the circulatory systems…
Carry fluids.
What systems both directly work to develop resistance to pathogens?
Lymphatic and immune.
The part of the body that is a large lymph node.
Spleen.
What system can an esthetician perform a service on in order to reduce swelling after a treatment?
Lymphatic.
Fluid that bathes and surrounds the cells and contains components that are involved in blood clotting and wound healing.
Interstitial fluid.
A specialized organ that produces chemicals necessary for the body to function optimally.
Gland.
What system is made up of a group of specialized glands that affect the growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the entire body?
Endocrine.
What controls insulin and glucagon production?
Pancreas.
Affects sexual development, sleep, and metabolism.
Pineal gland.
Secretion produced by an endocrine gland.
Hormone.
What gland is most closely connected to the production of breast milk?
Pituitary gland.
What gland requires iodine to function properly?
Thyroid gland.
What gland is connected to skin melanization?
Adrenal gland.
What is calcium regulated by?
Parathyroid glands.
What is a change associated with aging and the reproductive system?
Loss of collagen.
Melasma refers to a change in ___ sometimes caused by hormones connected with the reproductive system.
Pigmentation.
During ____ oxygen is absorbed into the blood.
Inhalation.
The process of expelling carbon dioxide from the lungs.
Exhalation.
Muscular wall that helps control breathing.
Diaphragm.
The process of moving food along the digestive track.
Peristalsis.
The breakdown of food by chemical and mechanical means
Digestion.
The kidneys have the function of…
Excreting urin.
The body system responsible for purifying the body by elimination of waste matter.
Excretory system.
What organ discharges bile, which breaks down into digestive fat?
Liver.
As part of the excretory system, the skin is responsible for…
Eliminating perspiration.
