CH. 2 Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

What is the study of structures of the human body that can be seen with the naked eye?

Answer 1

Anatomy.

Question 2

What term refers to the study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures?

Answer 2

Physiology.

Question 3

What is the study of the tiny structures found in living tissue?

Answer 3

Histology.

Question 4

The process of a cell dividing into two identical daughter cells.

Answer 4

Mitosis.

Question 5

The process of changing food into forms the body can use as energy.

Answer 5

Metabolism.

Question 6

The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell.

Answer 6

The nucleus.

Question 7

The blueprint material of genetic information.

Answer 7

DNA.

Question 8

What do human cells need to grow and reproduce?

Answer 8

Ability to eliminate waste products.

Question 9

What type of tissue is composed of neurons?

Answer 9

Nerve.

Question 10

What type of tissue gives smoothness and contour to the body?

Answer 10

Adipose.

Question 11

Provides a protective covering for body cavities and the surfaces of organs…

Answer 11

Epithelial tissue.

Question 12

Contracts and moves the various parts of the body…

Answer 12

Muscle tissue.

Question 13

Structure composed of socialized tissues that performs specific functions in plants or animals…

Answer 13

Organs.

Question 14

A recent and sever acne breakout would most likely have its biological source in which system?

Answer 14

Endocrine system.

Question 15

What system is most directly connected to an esthetician’s daily work with clients?

Answer 15

The integumentary system.

Question 16

The system consisting of the skin and its accessory organs, sensory receptors, hair, and nails.

Answer 16

The integumentary system.

Question 17

What is NOT an accessory to the skin?

Answer 17

Endocrine glands.

Question 18

What are the oil and sweat glands also called

Answer 18

Exocrine glands.

Question 19

What is the lunula a part of?

Answer 19

The nail.

Question 20

What does integument mean?

Answer 20

Protective covering.

Question 21

What are phalanges?

Answer 21

Bones of the arms and hands.

Question 22

Providing shape and support to the body.
Producing blood cells for the body.
Protecting internal structures and organs.

Answer 22

Functions of the skeletal system.

Question 23

What is the humerus?

Answer 23

Bone of the arms and hands.

Question 24

What bone is also known as the collarbone?

Answer 24

The clavicle.

Question 25

What are the two basic types of joints?

Answer 25

Moveable and immovable.

Question 26

What other body system is most directly connected with the bone marrow part of the skeletal system?

Answer 26

The circulatory system.

Question 27

What bones form the bridge of the nose?

Answer 27

The nasal bones.

Question 28

Cheekbones. Malar bones. Zygomatic bones.

Answer 28

Bones that form the cheeks.

Question 29

Strongest bone of the face.

Answer 29

Mandible.

Question 30

Most fragile bones of the face are located in the..

Answer 30

Eye socket.

Question 31

What term refers to the part of the muscle that is the movable attachment and farthest from the skeleton?

Answer 31

Insertion.

Question 32

What covers, shapes, and supports the skeletal tissue?

Answer 32

The muscular system.

Question 33

Zygomaticus minor

Answer 33

Muscle of the mouth.

Question 34

Part of the muscle that does not move.

Answer 34

Origin.

Question 35

Middle part of the muscle.

Answer 35

Belly.

Question 36

What is the Sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 36

Muscle that extends along the side of the neck from the ear to the collarbone.

Question 37

The basic cell of the nervous system.

Answer 37

Neuron.

Question 38

Which body system controls and coordinates all other systems so they work harmoniously and efficiently?

Answer 38

Nervous system.

Question 39

The system that connects the outer parts of the body to the central nervous system.

Answer 39

Peripheral nervous system.

Question 40

System that controls consciousness and many mental activities, voluntary functions of the five senses, and voluntary muscle actions including all body movements and facial expressions.

Answer 40

Central nervous system.

Question 41

What is the largest of the cranial nerves?

Answer 41

Fifth.

Question 42

What part of the nervous system controls the involuntary muscles?

Answer 42

Autonomic nervous system.

Question 43

The system that controls the steady movement of blood through the body.

Answer 43

The circulatory system.

Question 44

Process that involves sending blood from the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated.

Answer 44

Pulmonary circulation.

Question 45

The fluid part of blood that contains 90% water and acts as a delivery system.

Answer 45

Plasma.

Question 46

When considering the major body organs, the heart has the function of___

Answer 46

Circulating the blood.

Question 47

The circulation of oxygenated blood back to the heart again.

Answer 47

Systemic circulation.

Question 48

The nutrient-rich fluid circulating through the circulatory system.

Answer 48

Blood.

Question 49

A cell that destroys disease-causing germs.

Answer 49

White blood cell.

Question 50

Destroys disease causing toxins and bacteria.

Answer 50

The lymphatic/immune system.

Question 51

The lymphatic and immune systems contain the...

Answer 51

Thymus gland Spleen Liver.

Question 52

Both the lymphatic and the circulatory systems...

Answer 52

Carry fluids.

Question 53

What systems both directly work to develop resistance to pathogens?

Answer 53

Lymphatic and immune.

Question 54

The part of the body that is a large lymph node.

Answer 54

Spleen.

Question 55

What system can an esthetician perform a service on in order to reduce swelling after a treatment?

Answer 55

Lymphatic.

Question 56

Fluid that bathes and surrounds the cells and contains components that are involved in blood clotting and wound healing.

Answer 56

Interstitial fluid.

Question 57

A specialized organ that produces chemicals necessary for the body to function optimally.

Answer 57

Gland.

Question 58

What system is made up of a group of specialized glands that affect the growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the entire body?

Answer 58

Endocrine.

Question 59

What controls insulin and glucagon production?

Answer 59

Pancreas.

Question 60

Affects sexual development, sleep, and metabolism.

Answer 60

Pineal gland.

Question 61

Secretion produced by an endocrine gland.

Answer 61

Hormone.

Question 62

What gland is most closely connected to the production of breast milk?

Answer 62

Pituitary gland.

Question 63

What gland requires iodine to function properly?

Answer 63

Thyroid gland.

Question 64

What gland is connected to skin melanization?

Answer 64

Adrenal gland.

Question 65

What is calcium regulated by?

Answer 65

Parathyroid glands.

Question 66

What is a change associated with aging and the reproductive system?

Answer 66

Loss of collagen.

Question 67

Melasma refers to a change in ___ sometimes caused by hormones connected with the reproductive system.

Answer 67

Pigmentation.

Question 68

During ____ oxygen is absorbed into the blood.

Answer 68

Inhalation.

Question 69

The process of expelling carbon dioxide from the lungs.

Answer 69

Exhalation.

Question 70

Muscular wall that helps control breathing.

Answer 70

Diaphragm.

Question 71

The process of moving food along the digestive track.

Answer 71

Peristalsis.

Question 72

The breakdown of food by chemical and mechanical means

Answer 72

Digestion.

Question 73

The kidneys have the function of...

Answer 73

Excreting urin.

Question 74

The body system responsible for purifying the body by elimination of waste matter.

Answer 74

Excretory system.

Question 75

What organ discharges bile, which breaks down into digestive fat?

Answer 75

Liver.

Question 76

As part of the excretory system, the skin is responsible for...

Answer 76

Eliminating perspiration.