CH3 Learning and Memory

Question 1

Classical Conditioning

Generalization? Discrimination?

Answer 1

Generalization: A similar stimuli that can cause the same response, because subject generalizes

Discrimination: Subject can tell the difference b/w similar stimuli

Question 2

Operant Conditioning

escape learning vs avoidance learning?

Discriminative Stimulus?

Answer 2

• Escape Learning: RIGHT NOW (KIDNAPPED) escape (reduce) behavior of something that already exists
• • Avoidance Learning: FUTURE Avoid (prevent) the unpleasantness of something that has not happened
• • Discriminative Stimulus: The possibility of a reward to happen, the presence of a dolphin trainer

Question 3

Reinforcement Schedule Definitions

Answer 3

Question 4

Mirror Neurons

Answer 4

• Mirror Neurons: watching someone do something and then doing it
  *

Question 5

Semantic Encoding

what is self-reference effect?

Answer 5

Learning things by association and putting them in a meaningful context that can relate to our selves (self-reference effect)

Question 6

Method of loci

Answer 6

Associating items in a list with a location in a path already memorized

i.e imagining your shopping list by putting them in your path to school

Question 7

peg-word system

Answer 7

associate numbers with items that rhyme or resemble the numbers

Question 8

Chunking

Answer 8

taking individual elements in a list and grouping them in small groups

Question 9

Long Term Memory types

Explicit

implicit

episodic

semantic

procedural

Answer 9

Implicit memory involves reflexes

Question 10

What is priming

Answer 10

recall is aided by first presenting a similar word

i.e after saying NURSE it is most likely that the person would know DOCTOR afterwards

Question 11

Primacy and Recency effect

Answer 11

Primacy items at the beginning

Recency items at the end

Question 12

Retrograde and anterograde amnesia

Answer 12

Question 13

State-Dependent recall effect

Answer 13

Is concerned with internal states of the individual

i.e when being intoxicated or maniac

Question 14

whole-report vs partial report

Answer 14

Question 15

Types of memory

declarative vs nondeclarative

Answer 15

Question 16

working memory structure

Answer 16

Question 17

Types of Memory and effect with age.

Episodic

Procedural

Flashbulb

Source

Semantic

Answer 17

Question 18

what is context-dependent memory?

Answer 18

better at remembering when it is the same setting where it was learned.

Meeting someone in a class and then seeing them at Starbucks = harder to remember who they are

Question 19

What is Ablation?

Answer 19

Is the destruction of tissue. Usually done in brain experiments to see deficit symptoms

Question 20

Reinforcement Schedule Graphs

Answer 20

Question 21

Primary and Secondary reinforcements/punishments

Answer 21

Question 22

what is the fundamental attribution error?

Answer 22

Blaming behaviors on personal factors rather than situational factors.

i.e ben was late because he is unreliable

instead of ben was late because there was a lot of traffic

Question 23

Hindsight bias

Answer 23

overestimate their ability to have predicted an outcome that could not possibly have been predicted.