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Behavioral Science > CH1 Biology and Behavior > Flashcards

CH1 Biology and Behavior Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

Afferent neurons that transmit sensory information to the spinal cord and brain

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2
Q

Motor Neurons

A

Efferent neurons that transmit motor information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

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3
Q

Parasympathetic

A

“Rest and Digest” actions: Bladder contraction, Decrease HR, Stimulete Bile secretion, pupil constriction. (acetylcholine main driver)

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4
Q

Sympathetic

A

dilates pupils ( you want to see more). Relaxes bronchi

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5
Q

The Meninges Mneumonic

A

PAD:

  • Pia
  • Arachnoid
  • Dura
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6
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

(executive function) associated with reasoning, motor skills, higher-level cognition, contains Primary motor cortex and Broca’s Area

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7
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Hearing and memory. Wernicke’s area (language perception and comprehension)

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8
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

processing of sensation. processing tactile sensory information such as pressure, touch, and pain. Contains Primary sensory cortex

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9
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

smooth movement (Parkinson’s disease)

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10
Q

Thalamus

A

Sorts data throughout the brain (relaying of sensory signals) *except smell

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11
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Controls homeostasis (maintains body temp, osmolarity)

  • Lateral Hypothalamus (LH): hunger center (Lacks Hunger)
  • Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH): Sends signals to stop eating
  • Anterior Hypothalamus: Controls Sexual Behaviours
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12
Q

Posterior Pituitary Gland

A

send out hormones into the body. Antidiuretic Hormone (Vasopressin)

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13
Q

The Limbic System Nmeunomic

A

SAH:

  • Septal Nuclei: Pleasure Center
  • Amygdala: defensive and aggressive behavior.
  • Hippocampus: long term memory
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14
Q

MIdbrain

A

Receives sensory and motor info involuntary reflex reactions from visual and auditory stimuli
Superior Colliculus: visión
Inferior Colliculus: Auditory

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15
Q 
HIndbrain
 Cerebellum
Brain Stem
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
A
  • Cerebellum: Motor control, and motor memory. Riding a bicycle, playing sports.
  • Brain Stem: (basic needs: breathing, circulation, digestion)
  • Pons: communication between different parts of the brain, and sensations such as hearing, taste, and balance.
    Medulla Oblongata: helps regulate breathing, heart, and digestive function
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16
Q

Dominant vs Non-dominant Hemisphere

A

Dominant (left): words, language, voluntary movement

Non-dominant Hemisphere:
RIGHT: Recognition (faces),
Instruments
GPS music, emotion, creativity, sense of direction

17
Q

EEG

A

EEG (electroencephalogram): Use of electrodes to identify areas of activity

18
Q

MRI

A

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Gives detail images of soft tissues

19
Q

CT

A

CT (computed Tomography): Various x-rays at different angles that a computer can process the cross-sectional slices of the tissue.

20
Q

PET

A

PET (positron emission tomography): Radioactive sugar is injected and its dispersion can be projected.

21
Q

Acetylcholine (ACH)

A

Voluntary muscle control, parasympathetic NS, attention, alertness

22
Q

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

A

(catecholamines)

NE: low = depression. high = mania, anxiety

23
Q

Dopamine:

A

Mostly found in Basal Ganglia, plays a role in movement and posture. excess levels linked to schizophrenia. Parkinson’s = loss of dopaminergic neurons in BG.

24
Q

Serotonin

A

Regulate mood, eating, and sleeping. low = depression. high = mania, anxiety

25
Q

GABA and Glycine

A

Stabilized neural activity (brain stabilization)

- Glycine: Inhibitory neurotransmitter

26
Q

Glutamate

A

: excitatory neurotransmitter

27
Q

Endorphins

A

Natural pain killers ]

28
Q

Adrenal Glands

A
  • Adrenal Medulla: releases epinephrine and norepinephrine

- Adrenal Cortex: produces cortisol and testosterone (females) and estrogen (for males)

29
Q

Gonads

A

(sex glands) ovaries in females, testes in males.

30
Q

Family Studies

A

Trait within a family vs the general population

31
Q

Twin Studies

A

Compare similarity b/w Identical (monozygotic) and fraternal (dizygotic) twins

32
Q

Adoption Studies

A

Adoptive parents vs biological, in accordance with the child’s traits

Behavioral Science (12 decks)

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