CH1 Biology and Behavior Flashcards
Sensory Neurons
Afferent neurons that transmit sensory information to the spinal cord and brain
Motor Neurons
Efferent neurons that transmit motor information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands
Parasympathetic
“Rest and Digest” actions: Bladder contraction, Decrease HR, Stimulete Bile secretion, pupil constriction. (acetylcholine main driver)
Sympathetic
dilates pupils ( you want to see more). Relaxes bronchi
The Meninges Mneumonic
PAD:
- Pia
- Arachnoid
- Dura
Frontal Lobe
(executive function) associated with reasoning, motor skills, higher-level cognition, contains Primary motor cortex and Broca’s Area
Temporal Lobe
Hearing and memory. Wernicke’s area (language perception and comprehension)
Parietal Lobe
processing of sensation. processing tactile sensory information such as pressure, touch, and pain. Contains Primary sensory cortex
Basal Ganglia
smooth movement (Parkinson’s disease)
Thalamus
Sorts data throughout the brain (relaying of sensory signals) *except smell
Hypothalamus
Controls homeostasis (maintains body temp, osmolarity)
- Lateral Hypothalamus (LH): hunger center (Lacks Hunger)
- Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH): Sends signals to stop eating
- Anterior Hypothalamus: Controls Sexual Behaviours
Posterior Pituitary Gland
send out hormones into the body. Antidiuretic Hormone (Vasopressin)
The Limbic System Nmeunomic
SAH:
- Septal Nuclei: Pleasure Center
- Amygdala: defensive and aggressive behavior.
- Hippocampus: long term memory
MIdbrain
Receives sensory and motor info involuntary reflex reactions from visual and auditory stimuli
Superior Colliculus: visión
Inferior Colliculus: Auditory
HIndbrain Cerebellum Brain Stem Pons Medulla Oblongata
- Cerebellum: Motor control, and motor memory. Riding a bicycle, playing sports.
- Brain Stem: (basic needs: breathing, circulation, digestion)
- Pons: communication between different parts of the brain, and sensations such as hearing, taste, and balance.
Medulla Oblongata: helps regulate breathing, heart, and digestive function
Dominant vs Non-dominant Hemisphere
Dominant (left): words, language, voluntary movement
Non-dominant Hemisphere:
RIGHT: Recognition (faces),
Instruments
GPS music, emotion, creativity, sense of direction
EEG
EEG (electroencephalogram): Use of electrodes to identify areas of activity
MRI
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Gives detail images of soft tissues
CT
CT (computed Tomography): Various x-rays at different angles that a computer can process the cross-sectional slices of the tissue.
PET
PET (positron emission tomography): Radioactive sugar is injected and its dispersion can be projected.
Acetylcholine (ACH)
Voluntary muscle control, parasympathetic NS, attention, alertness
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
(catecholamines)
NE: low = depression. high = mania, anxiety
Dopamine:
Mostly found in Basal Ganglia, plays a role in movement and posture. excess levels linked to schizophrenia. Parkinson’s = loss of dopaminergic neurons in BG.
Serotonin
Regulate mood, eating, and sleeping. low = depression. high = mania, anxiety
