Ch.3 biology and the Brain Flashcards
Nervous System
network that communicates and connects everything to the brain
Central Nervous System
Includes brain(hind, mid,and fore) and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
communication outside the CNS, communication network
Autonomic Nervous System
bocily functions that happen automatically/involentarly
Somatic Nervous System
voluntary bodily functions
Sympathetic Nervous System
sub section of autonomic, fight or flight
Parasympathetic Nervous System
sub section of autonomic, rest and digest
Neuron
communication cells in the nervous system
Glia
cells that clean neurons
Interneurons
communicate with other neurons
Sensory Neurons
incoming info from senses to brain
Motor Neurons
commands from brain to body
Dendrites
part of neuron that receives incoming info
Cell Body
main body of the cell, also called soma
Axon
tail that info travels along
Myelin Sheath
waxy covering that protects axon
DCBA
path of a signal in a neuron
dendrite
cell
body
axon
Action Potential
when a charge/message moves across the axon
Resting Potential
when no charge/message id being sent
Refractory Period
after a neuron fires it needs time to rest before it can fire again
Terminal Button
the end of an axon
Synapse
where two neurons all most meet
Synaptic Cleft
the small space between two neurons
Presynaptic Neuron
neuron that sends the charge
Postsynaptic Neuron
neuron that receives the charge
Postsynaptic Potential
when a charge is being transferred
Excitatory PSP
tells next neuron to fire
Inhibitory PSP
tells next neuron not to fire
Neural Impulses
brain’s language
Vesicles
small bubbles that carry neurotransmitters
Receptor Site
specific place in neurons for certain neurotransmitters to bind
Binding
when a neurotransmitter finds a site to attach to
Reuptake
after binding a neurotransmitter will be re absorbed by the presynaptic neuron
Serotonin
Sleep, feel good, low levels are correlated with depression
Dopamine
“feel good” too little = schizophrenia too much = parkinson’s
Acetylcholine
helps aid in movement
Norepinephrine
“no friend”= depression
Endorphins
released with exercise
GABA
related to anxiety, low GABA = high anxiety
CT Scan
brain structure, cheap ok picture
MRI
brain structure, expensive clear picture
PET
brain function, what part is being used
fMRI
brain structure and function
EEG
brain waves
Height
aka amplitude
Wave Length
aka frequency
Beta Waves
type of waves when awake and alert
Delta Waves
type of waves when in deep, dreamless sleep
Agonist
acts like/mimics a neurotransmitter
Antagonist
blocks a neurotransmitter by blocking a receptor site
System
brain or body parts work together to complete a function
Localization of Function
individual brain/body parts work alone to compete a function
Cerebrum
higher thinking, judgement, planning ect.
Thalamus
all sensory info passes through (except smell)
Hypothalamus
4 F’s feeding, fighting, fleeing, mating, autonomic nervous system, and endocrine system
Endocrine System
includes hormones and glands
Hormones
chemicals in the body that permanently change appearance ot temparaly change mood
Glands
parts of the body that secrete hormones
Pituitary Gland
“master gland” located in the brain
Corpus Callosum
connects and allows the two hemispheres to communicate
Cerebellum
controls balance
Hippocampus
in charge of memory
Amygdala
controls emotions especially anger and fear
Pons
sleep
Medulla
breathing
Reticular Formation
pain perception
muscle reflexes
breathing
sleep
Limbic System
hippocampus
amygdala
thalamus
hypothalamus
Parietal Lobe
touch, on top
Frontal Lobe
movement
Occipital Lobe
back, sight
Temporal Lobe
hearing,side
Broca’s Area
left frontal, important in speaking
Wernicke’s Area
left temporal, important in understanding language
