Ch. 6 Learning

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

aka behaviorism came after psychodynamic theory

Question 2

Observational Learning

Answer 2

learning from watching others (money see monkey do) aka social learning theory

Question 3

Albert Bandura

Answer 3

top 5 most influential psychologists ever famous behaviorist

Question 4

bobo doll study

Answer 4

Bandura’s most famous study on observational learning

Question 5

associative learning

Answer 5

learning that certain events occur together. two types classical condition and operant conditioning

Question 6

classical conditioning

Answer 6

a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events. first called Pavlovian conditioning because of his dog experiment

Question 7

operant conditioning

Answer 7

a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher.

Question 8

neutral stimulus

Answer 8

a stimulus that at first elicits no response

Question 9

conditioning

Answer 9

learning through environment

Question 10

unconditioned

Answer 10

not learned, natural

Question 11

unconditioned response (UR)

Answer 11

in classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth.

Question 12

unconditioned stimulus (US)

Answer 12

in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers a response.

Question 13

conditioned response (CR)

Answer 13

in classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS).

Question 14

conditioned stimulus (CS)

Answer 14

in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response.

Question 15

modeling

Answer 15

The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

Question 16

reciprocal determinism

Answer 16

thinking affects behavior, behavior affects environment

Question 17

acquisition

Answer 17

refers to the initial stage of learning something

Question 18

extinction

Answer 18

the gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response tendency

Question 19

spontaneous recovery

Answer 19

the reappearance of an extinguished response after a period of non exposer to the conditioned stimulus

Question 20

stimulus generalization

Answer 20

when an organism that responds one way to a specific stimulus responds the same way to a new but similar

Question 21

stimulus discrimination

Answer 21

when an organism that responds one way to a specific stimulus doesn’t respond that way to a new but simular stimulus

Question 22

higher order conditioning

Answer 22

when a conditioned stimulus functions as if it were an unconditioned stimulus

Question 23

shaping

Answer 23

the reinforcement of closer and closer approximations of the desired response

Question 24

associative learning

Answer 24

learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning)

Question 25

preparedness

Answer 25

makes sense/ helps us survive, one trail to learn

Question 26

one trail

Answer 26

life threateimg, survival, severe response

Question 27

Edward Thorndike

Answer 27

important guy first to think of operant conditioning

Question 28

BF Skinner

Answer 28

also importnat, experimented on rats

Question 29

insturumental learning

Answer 29

what Thorndike called operant conditioning (responses controlled by behavior )

Question 30

law of effect

Answer 30

what Thorndike called reinforcement

Question 31

punishment

Answer 31

decrease the likely hood that the behavior will happen again, weakens the behavior

Question 32

Reinforcement

Answer 32

if the result is good, increases the likely hood that he behavior will be repeated.

Question 33

positive reinforcement

Answer 33

consequence adds something that makes the behavior stronger

Question 34

negative reinforcement

Answer 34

consequence takes something away that makes the behavior stronger

Question 35

postive punishment

Answer 35

the couquence adds something that will weaken the behavior

Question 36

negative punishment

Answer 36

the consequence takes something that decreases the behavior

Question 37

continuous reinforcement

Answer 37

reinforced every time best used durning aqusituion

Question 38

partial/intermittent reinforcement

Answer 38

only reinforced some of the time most resistant to extinction

Question 39

Fixed ration

Answer 39

reinforcement like every set come wait to see that

Question 40

fixed internal

Answer 40

reinforcement is given after a certain amount of time

Question 41

variable ratio

Answer 41

reinforced after a variable number of non reinforcements

Question 42

variable interval

Answer 42

reinforcer is given for the first response after a variable amount of time has elapsed.

Question 43

partial/intermittent reinforcement

Answer 43

only reinforced some of the time most resistant to extinction

Question 44

Shuttle box

Answer 44

two room skinner box with one siding haveing an eclectic fork

Question 45

escape learning behavior

Answer 45

encounters adverse stimulus and leaves stimulus while it is happening

Question 46

avoidance learning again

Answer 46

rat sees light and moves before shoch

Question 47

primary reinforcer

Answer 47

satisfy biological needs - used with animals

Question 48

secondary reinforcer

Answer 48

satisfy not biological needs - used with humans

Question 49

Edward Tolman

Answer 49

disproved 2 of skinners theories using rats in a maze

Question 50

cognitive map

Answer 50

mental map of the maze the rats were doing

Question 51

latent learning

Answer 51

learning that is not shown.