ch 8 Language and thought

Question 1

Broca’s area

Answer 1

left frontal lobe
boca mouth front

Question 2

broca’s aphasia

Answer 2

inability to speak

Question 3

Wernicke’s area

Answer 3

left temporal lobe
understanding ear temple

Question 4

reinforcement

Answer 4

How we learn language
we get what we want when we talk

Question 5

Observationalist learning

Answer 5

we see others do it, and we want to do it

Question 6

Noam Chomsky

Answer 6

biologist, nativist=learning language is inborn

Question 7

LAD

Answer 7

language acquisition device

Question 8

critical period

Answer 8

time period when something physical develops (0-3yrs for language)

Question 9

cognitive flexibility

Answer 9

greater in bilingual people

Question 10

fast mapping

Answer 10

learning words after only one use

Question 11

telegraphic speech

Answer 11

leaving out unimportant words

Question 12

over regularization

Answer 12

applying regular conjugation patterns to irregular verbs

Question 13

over extension

Answer 13

over applying words (kitty for lion)

Question 14

receptive vocabulary

Answer 14

what you understand

Question 15

productive vocabulary

Answer 15

what you can use

Question 16

metalinguistic awareness

Answer 16

reflecting on the use of language

Question 17

connotation

Answer 17

implied/slang meaning

Question 18

denotation

Answer 18

dictionary definition/literal

Question 19

acculturation

Answer 19

integrating self into a culture

Question 20

linguistic relativity

Answer 20

words influence thoughts

Question 21

divergent thinking

Answer 21

many solutions (individualists)

Question 22

convergent thinking

Answer 22

One solution (collectivist)

Question 23

ethnocentrism

Answer 23

our society is best

Question 24

functional fixedness

Answer 24

tendency to perceive an item only in terms of its most common use (not thinking to use an umbrella as a cane )

Question 25

burst of insight

Answer 25

when the correct solution to a problem is suddenly discovered

Question 26

trial and error

Answer 26

trying all possible solutions

Question 27

algorithm

Answer 27

methodically trying all possible solutions

Question 28

heuristic

Answer 28

guiding principal or rule of thumb , bias, mental shortcut

Question 29

mental set

Answer 29

When people persist in using problem-solving strategies that have worked in the past

Question 30

theory of bounded rationality

Answer 30

people use simple strategies in decision making that result in irrational outcomes

Question 31

availability heuristic

Answer 31

bias based on how available examples are in your mind

Question 32

representativeness heuristic

Answer 32

how much does it match, what would you expect

Question 33

gamblers fallacy

Answer 33

The belief that the odds of an event happening increase, if the event hasn’t happened recently

Question 34

confirmation bias

Answer 34

tendency to only seek supporting information

Question 35

framing

Answer 35

how decision issues are posed and how choices are structured

Question 36

Law of small numbers

Answer 36

beware of small samples they lead to incorrect results

Question 37

overconfidence effect

Answer 37

tendency to be overconfident in one’s opinion, memory or answer

Question 38

semantics

Answer 38

meaning of words

Question 39

grammar

Answer 39

rules of language

Question 40

syntax

Answer 40

rules of orders of words