Ch.11 Human Development Flashcards
zygote
a one cell organism formed by the union of a sperm and an egg
prenatal developement
from conception until birth (9 months)
placenta
a structure that allows oxygen and nutrients to pass into the fetus from the mother’s bloodstream and bodily waste passes out through the mother
age of viability
the age at which a baby can survive in the event of a premature birth
fetal alcohol syndrome
a collection of congenital problems associated with excessive alcohol use during pregancy
NIB teratogens
any agent that causes an abnormality following fetal exposure during pregnancy
maturation
development that reflects the gradual unfolding of one genetic blueprint
developmental norms
indicate the median age at which individuals display various behaviors and abilities.
temperament
characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity
Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development
stage #1- trust vs mistrust
stage #2- autonomy vs shame and doubt
stage #3- initiative vs guilt
stage #4- industry vs inferiority
stage #5- identity vs confusion
stage #6- intimacy vs isolation
stage #7- generativity vs self-absorption
stage #8- integrity vs despair
stage theory
have to finish a task to move on, cant be in two stages at once
continuous development
linear
psychosocial crisis
challenge we face in each stage
identity crisis
teens go through one, good thing, experiment, ‘who am I?’
visual cliff
testing understanding of depth in babies
habituation
stop paying attention amount of time kids stare
dishabituation
pay attention more, amount of time kids stare
prenatal period
GEF
germinal
embryonic
fetal
germinal stage
2 weeks, very smol (germ)
embryonic
3-8 weeks, critical period for vital organs, when birth defects and miscarriages happen (embryo)
fetal
3-9 months, grows, organs start to work, (fetus)
Jean Piaget
wanted to know how kids think and solve problems
Theory of cognitive development
stage 1: sensorimotor (start)
stage 2: preoperational (pre)
stage 3: concrete operational (next)
stage 4: formal operations (finish)
sensorimotor
learn object permanence (birth-2)
preoperational
problems with conservation + egocentrism, conversation- matter cant go away only change (3-7)
concrete operational
things start working (8-10)
formal operations
abstract, hypotheticals
assimilation
gets it wrong
accommodation
get it rights
lev vygotsky
sociocultural theory
students need to ________
talk, learn by working/talking with others tho know more
inner speech
self-talk good way yo solve problems
zone of proximal development (ZPD)
where learning happens best
scaffolding
supporting students
different levels
built them up with support
Lawrence Kohlberg’s moral development
per conventional
conventional
post conventional
pre-conventional
punished and rewarded(reinforcement)
conventional
what society does (conformity)
poet conventional
greater god, a higher calling, (call my mom mom)
authoritative
nurturing, responsive, supportive, set firm limits (best)
Authoritarian
very strict
permissive
hands off, basic needs are met
neglectful
absent
newborn reflexes are _________
biological
rooting
touch cheek, move mouth to finger
moro
startled, arms out head back bracing for al fall
babinski
foot reflex, helo with walking?
sucking
they just know how
grasping
want to hold stuff
Theory of mind
understanding/predicting other people’s intentions (simular to EQ)
puberty
starts with menarche(female) OR spermarche (male)
attachment
the bond between baby and primary caregiver
separation anxiety
6-8 months baby gets upset when away from parent
harry Harlow monkeys
baby monkey study thing
contact comfort
babies need and seek it
Konrad Lorenz
gees and ducks, imprinting
John Bowlby
important dude, attachment is biological
