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Biology > Ch.3 > Flashcards

Ch.3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What are the different levels of organization that scientists study?

A
  1. Species
  2. Populations
  3. Communities
  4. Ecosystems
  5. Biome
  6. Biosphere
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1
Q

Ecology

A

The scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment or surroundings

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2
Q

Species

A

Organisms that can produce fertile offspring

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3
Q

Populations

A

Individuals from same species living in the same area

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4
Q

Communities

A

Different populations living in an area

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5
Q

Ecosystem

A

All organisms and non-living environment of an area

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6
Q

Biome

A

Group of ecosystems with the same climate and dominant communities

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7
Q

Biosphere

A

The portion of earth that up ports life including land, water, and air

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8
Q

What are biotic factors?

A

Biological influences, all living things

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9
Q

What are abiotic factors?

A

Physical, non-living factors

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10
Q

What happens when you put biotic and abiotic factors together?

A

They make up the environment where an organism lives and affects an organism and its survival and growth

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11
Q

What are the different ways to study ecology?

A
  1. Observing
  2. Experimenting
  3. Modeling
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12
Q

Where is modeling mostly used?

A

The study of ecology due to areas and the length of time needed to observe interactions

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of life?

A

Obtain materials and energy

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14
Q

What are the first steps in any food chain or food web

A

Primary producers=autotrophs

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15
Q

What way does energy flow through an ecosystem?

A

One way

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16
Q

What does the flow of energy determine?

A

An ecosystem’s ability to sustain life

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17
Q

Phytoplankton

A

Floating algae

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18
Q

Consumers=?

A

Heterotrophs

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19
Q

How to heterotrophs sustain energy?

A

Ingesting (eating)

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20
Q

Detrivores

A

Eat waste

21
Q

Scavengers

A

Eat dead things

22
Q

What order does the food chain go in?

A
  1. Sun
  2. Autotrophs
  3. First level consumer
  4. Second level consumer
  5. Third level consumer
  6. Decomposers
23
Q

What are the first level consumers?

A

Herbivores

24
Q

What are the second level consumers?

A

Carnivores

25
Q

What are the third level consumers?

A

Feed on carnivores

26
Q

Decomposers

A

Bacteria and fungi that feed on every level and return nutrients o the environment

27
Q

Food chain

A

A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

28
Q

Food web

A

Shows all of the possible feeding relationships. More realistic because organisms depend on more than one species for food

29
Q

Krill

A

Type of zooplankton

30
Q

Trophic level

A

Each step in a food chain or food web

31
Q

Who is in the first trophic level?

A

Producers

32
Q

Ecological Pyramid

A

A model that demonstrates relative amounts of energy or matter in trophic levels.

33
Q

What percentage is transferred to the next level of the ecological pyramid?

A

10%

34
Q

When an organism is consumed where does the energy come from?

A

The body tissue

35
Q

Biomass

A

Shows the amount of living matter t each level

36
Q

Pyramid of numbers

A

Shows the relative number of individual organisms at each level

37
Q

Biogeochemical Cycles

A

When certain chemicals flow through the biological and geological world, the flow is not in one direction

38
Q

What does transpiration give off?

A

Water vapor

39
Q

What does carbon dioxide give off?

A

Respiration

40
Q

What happens if a nutrient is in short supply?

A

The growth of the organism could be limited

41
Q

What do ecologists measure the health of?

A

Ecosystem

42
Q

Primary productivity

A

The rate at which organic matter is created by producers

43
Q

Where is primary productivity the highest?

A

Around the equator

44
Q

Limiting nutrient

A

The one nutrient that is scarce, or cycles slowly, limiting the growth of an organism in an ecosystem

45
Q

Who can limiting nutrients be a big issue for?

A

Farmers

46
Q

Fertilizer

A

Missing nutrients to the farmers soil

47
Q

What is the limiting nutrient in the ocean (saltwater)

A

Nitrogen

48
Q

What is the limiting nutrient in fresh water?

A

Phosphorus

49
Q

Algae bloom

A

When there is a sudden addition of a limiting nutrient, and producers grow quickly. There are not enough consumers for all of the producers

50
Q

Where do many algae blooms happen?

A

Shallow warm water

Biology (9 decks)

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