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Biology > Ch. 7 Cells > Flashcards

Ch. 7 Cells Flashcards

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0
Q

Uses more light than one lense and a light source

A

Compound light microscope

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1
Q

Uses one lense and natural light to view objects

A

Simple light microscope

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2
Q

Discovered cells

A

Robert Hooke

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3
Q

Basic units of all forms of life

A

Cell

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4
Q

Cell theory

A
  1. Everything is made from cells
  2. All cells come from other cells
  3. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
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5
Q

Who developed the cell theory?

A
  • Rudolph Virchow
  • Theodor Schwann
  • Matthias Schleiden
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6
Q

What did Rudolph Virchow discover?

A

Cells come from other cells

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7
Q

What did Theodor Schwann discover?

A

All animals are composed of cells

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8
Q

What did Matthias Schleiden discover?

A

All plants are composed of cells

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9
Q

Thin flexible barrier around the cell.

A

Cell membrane

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10
Q

What is the cell membrane made of?

A

Phospholipids

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11
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

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12
Q

Liquid matrix material inside membrane. Contains water, ions, and organelles

A

Cytoplasm

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13
Q

Largest cell

A

Female egg

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14
Q

Smallest cell

A

Sperm

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15
Q

Single felled organism that have a cell membrane and cytoplasm. Do not have a nuclei

A

Prokaryotes

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16
Q

What is an example of a prokaryote?

A

Bacteria

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17
Q

Have a cell membrane and cytoplasm. Have a nuclei. Have organelles, each organelle has a specific function for cell survival.

A

Eukaryotes

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18
Q

Are eukaryotes unicellular or multicellular?

A

BOTH

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19
Q

What are some examples of eukaryotes?

A
  • plant cell
  • animal cell
  • fungi
  • Protista
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20
Q

Contains all of the cells DNA and instructions for making proteins and other molecules

A

Nucleus

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21
Q

What are the two divisions of Eukaryotic cells?

A

Nucleus and Cytoplasm

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22
Q

Fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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23
Q

The different parts that make up a cell

A

Organelles

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24
Q

What is the nucleus surrounded by?

A

A nuclear envelope composed of two membranes

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25
Q

What’s the nuclear envelope covered in?

A

Tiny little pores which allow material to move into and out of the nucleus

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26
Q

What moves through the nuclear pores into the rest of the cell?

A

A steady stream of proteins, RNA, and other molecules

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27
Q

What contains the genetic information that is passed from one generation to the next?

A

Chromosomes

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28
Q

Where does the assembly of Ribosomes begin?

A

Nucleolus

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29
Q

Large, sac-like, membrane enclosed structures that store water, salts, proteins and carbs

A

Vacuoles

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30
Q

Break down lipids, carbs, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness.

A

Lysosomes

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31
Q

Helps the cell maintain its shape and is also involved in movement

A

Cytoskeleton

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32
Q

Store and move materials between cell oranelles

A

Vesicles

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33
Q

What are the two main things that make up a cytoskeleton?

A
  1. Micro filaments

2. Micro tubules

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34
Q

Threadlike structures made up of a protein called actin, helps the cell move

A

Microfilaments

35
Q

Hollow structures made up of proteins known as Tubulins

A

Micro tubules

36
Q

What two things do micro tubules do?

A
  1. Maintain cell shape

2. Separate chromosomes

37
Q

Organize cell division

A

Centrioles

38
Q

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum(shipped outside the cell)

A

Golgi apparatus

39
Q

Make proteins; small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in all cells

A

Ribosomes

40
Q

Where do ribosomes come from?

A

DNA

41
Q

Internal membrane system. Where Things are assembled

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

42
Q

Ribosomes found on the surface, involved in the synthesis of proteins

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

43
Q

Collection of enzymes that perform specialized tasks; no ribosomes

A

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

44
Q

Capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts

45
Q

Convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cells to use

A

Mitochondria

46
Q

What organelles are involved in energy conversion process within the cell?

A
  1. Chloroplasts

2. Mitochondria

47
Q

Strong supporting layer arouNd the membrane

A

Cell wall

48
Q

What is the cell walls main function?

A

To provide support and protection for the cell

49
Q

Regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also protects and supports the cell

A

Cell membrane

50
Q

Double layered sheet which gives cell membranes a flexible structure and forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings

A

Lipid bilayer

51
Q

Water liking (head)

A

Polar

52
Q

Water fearing, hydrophobic

A

Non Polar

53
Q

How do phospholipids arrange themselves?

A

So the non polar tails face each other

54
Q

What is the effect of a bilayer?

A

To create a non polar zone bordered by polar heads

55
Q

What is outside the polar heads?

A

Water

56
Q

Why can large/polar molecules not pass through the bilayer?

A

Because of the structure of the phospholipid bilayer

57
Q

What do these molecules need?

A

A passageway, or channel

58
Q

What are channels made of?

A

Proteins

59
Q

Are the phospholipids and protein molecules rigidly fixed in place?

A

NO

60
Q

How the body tells “self” from “nonself”

A

ID tag

61
Q

Give the cell info about the outside of the cell

A

Receptor

62
Q

Proteins/passageways

A

Channels

63
Q

Require no energy, high to low

A

Passive transport

64
Q

Require energy (Low to high)

A

Active transport

65
Q

What are some examples of active transport?

A
  • cleaning room

- going back up the sledding hill

66
Q

When molecules spread from areas of high concentration to an area of low concentration

A

Diffusion

67
Q

When a substance CAN cross the membrane

A

Permeable membrane

68
Q

What is an example of diffusion

A

When you spray cologne and it goes slowly to the other side of the room

69
Q

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

70
Q

Solute

A

Particles

71
Q

Solvent

A

Liquid portion in which particles are dissolved

72
Q

Solution

A

Solute+Solvent

73
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

Has a higher solute concentration than the cell

74
Q

What does the hypertonic solution make the cell do?

A

Shrink

75
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

The solution has a lower concentration than the cell

76
Q

What does a hypotonic cell do?

A

Swells

77
Q

Isotonic solution

A

The concentration is the same. Equal water molecules in both directions

78
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Diffusion helped by a protein channel. Net movement of molecules is still from high concentration to low concentration

79
Q

What is an example of facilitated diffusion?

A

Diffusion of glucose into our cells

80
Q

Allows cells to move materials AGAINST the consent ration gradient

A

Active Transportation Process

81
Q

Sodium potassium pump

A

In cell membrane of most animal cells. Transports sodium and Potasium into our cells

82
Q

Endocytosis

A

Cell membrane curves in toward cell. Pinches off, forming a vesicle, thereby bringing fluids and particles into cell. Lysosomes digest vesicle wall, releasing “stuff” into cells

83
Q

What are the two types of Endocytosis?

A
  1. Phagocytosis

2. Pinocytosis

84
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Bacteria taken into cell

85
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Liquid taken into cell

86
Q

Exocytosis

A

When the cell gets rid of things “poops” vesicle forms which fuses plasma membrane and releases stuff

Biology (9 decks)

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