Ch. 11 Flashcards
Genetics
The scientific study of heredity
Inheritance
Things passed on from one generation to the other
True breeding
If allowed to self pollinate they would produce off spring identical to themselves
Trait
a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another
Hybrid
Result from cross of parents with different traits
What is the offspring of the parent called?
F1
After they are crossed how many factors are there for each trait?
2
When parents transmit information about traits to their offspring
Factor/genes
What are the alternative forms of the factors called?
Alleles
Where do the two alleles come from?
Mother and father
Principle of dominance
Some alleles are dominant and some are recessive
Elle’s that will always be present
Dominant
Alleles that are not shown when a dominant is present
Recessive
Pure homozygous
Two of the same genes (alleles) for a trait
Hybrid/heterozygous
Two different alleles for a trait
Combination of alleles or genes for a certain trait
Genotype
Visible traits
Phenotype
Why do recessive phenotype reappear and show?
They were segregated from the dominant allele during the formation of the gametes
Law of Segregation
Members of each pair of alleles separate when gametes are formed. A gamete will receive one allele or the other
What do alleles together makeup?
Genotypes
A method using probability to predict the outcome of the crosses
Punnent square
Monohybrid
Crosses that involve one trait
Dihybrid
Crosses that involve two traits
Law of Independent Assortment
Genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes
Incomplete dominance
The phenotype of the heterozygote is in between those of the homozygous parents
What is an example of incomplete dominance?
Red and white flower=pink flower
Co-Dominance
The phenotype of the offspring expresses the phenotype of each parent equally
Sex-linked
Traits are controlled by genes located on the sex chromosomes, the sex chromosomes determine whether the baby will be a boy or girl
Hemophilia
A blood disease when your blood does not clot easily (make scabs)
How many genes are there for color blindness?
3
Multiple Alleles
When two or more alleles exist for one gene, each organism can have just two
What are some examples of thing with multiple alleles?
- Eye color
- Rabbit coat color
- Human blood type
What are the different types of blood types?
- A
- B
- AB
- O
How is O blood written?
II or ii, Ii
Polygenic
Traits are produced by the interaction of several genes
