Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Ch. 10 > Flashcards

Ch. 10 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What do growth factors stimulate?

A

The growth and development of embryonic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Cyclins

A

A group of proteins that regulate the timing of the cell cycle by triggering the next phase of the cell cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happens when cells grow and divide without restraint?

A

Tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Benign

A

Harmless tumor, stays where it is formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cancer

A

Uncontrolled cell division and growth, frequently invading other tissues. The cancer interferes with the ability of the tissues to do their jobs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What five things does cancer do?

A
  1. Invade and destroy healthy surrounding tissues
  2. Absorb nutrients needed by other cells
  3. Prevent invaded organs from working properly
  4. Move to other parts of the body
  5. Are resistant to apoptosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death (cell suicide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Zygote

A

Totipotent, can develop into any type of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Blastocyst

A

A small hollow ball of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pluripotent

A

Can develop into most cell types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Contains embryonic stem cells which are pluripotent cells

A

Embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Multi potent cells

A

Cells that can differentiate into many other cells (t-cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where do stem cells come from?

A

Aborted fetus’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why do cells divide?

A
  1. There is not enough DNA to meet the needs of the cell

2. Limited surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the original cell called?

A

Parent cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the new cell called?

A

Daughter cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens in cell division?

A
  1. Each chromosome is copied exactly

2. Chromosomes sorted so each daughter cell gets complete sets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is DNA wound up around?

A

Histones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is DNA called when it is wound up in histones?

A

Chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Chromosomes

A

Long cylindrical structures made out of chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Centromere

A

What two identical chromosome are held together by

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many copies of chromosomes do humans have?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Diploid

A

A cell that has two copies of each chromosome

23
Q

Haploid

A

A cell that only contains a single copy of a chromosome

24
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A

23 or 46

25
Q

Karyotype

A

An organized picture of chromosomes

26
Q

Describes the events that cells go through as they grow and divide

A

Cell cycle

27
Q

What are the two major processes that the cell cycle are divided into?

A
  1. Interphase

2. Mitosis

28
Q

The phase that is spent between the stages of mitosis. The cell grows and prepares itself for mitosis

A

Interphase

29
Q

A collection of steps that physically divides up the cellular components of the cells and then physically divides the cell via Cytokenisis

A

Mitosis

30
Q

What are the three steps of interphase?

A
  1. G1
  2. S phase
  3. G2
31
Q

What happens in S phase?

A

The chromosomes make a copy of each other

32
Q

What makes mitosis and cytokenisis different?

A

Mitosis-division of the nucleus

Cytokenisis-division of the cell

33
Q

What are the stages of mitosis?

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

34
Q

What is the first and longest stage of mitosis?

A

Prophase

35
Q

In what stage of mitosis does the cytoplasm divide?

A

Cytokenisis

36
Q

What is the end result of mitosis and cytokenisis?

A

2 new daughter cells

37
Q

What are gametes? Diploid or haploid?

A

Haploid

38
Q

2 stage form of nuclear division in which the chromosomes number is halved

A

Meiosis

39
Q

Meiosis 1

A

Reduces the number of chromosomes by half

40
Q

Meiosis 2

A

Separates identical copies of chromosomes

41
Q

What is meiosis followed by?

A

Cytokinesis

42
Q

What happens in prophase 1?

A

Duplicated homologous chromosomes come together to form a tetras

43
Q

Tetrad

A

Consists of 4 chromosomes

44
Q

Do centromeres split in anaphase 1?

A

NO

45
Q

What is Meiosis 2 like?

A

Mitosis

46
Q

What are male gametes?

A

Sperm

47
Q

What are female gametes?

A

Eggs

48
Q

How come all four eggs can’t be fertilized?

A

Because one is bigger so it beats out all the rest

49
Q

What are the other up fertilized eggs called?

A

Polar bodies, they disintegrate, you release one egg when you ovulate

50
Q

What are polar bodies in plants used for?

A

To nourish the zygote

51
Q

What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?

A

Mitosis-two identical diploid cells are produced

Meiosis- four genetically different haploid cells are produced

52
Q

When does crossing over occur?

A

Meiosis 1

53
Q

Occurs when chromosomes are tightly held together during meiosis 1, chromosomes exchange fragments of DNA, chromosomes are no longer identical

A

Crossing over

54
Q

Why is crossing over necessary?

A

Natural selection

55
Q

Law of independent assortment

A

Two or more pairs of alleles separate independently of one another during gamete formation

Biology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions