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Anatomy 151 > Ch.24 Digestive System > Flashcards

Ch.24 Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Structures of Digestive System(4)⭐️

A

-Ingestion of Food
-Digestion of Food into nutrients
-Absorption of Nutrients
-Removal of wastes(fecal matter)

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2
Q

2 Types of Digestion & meaning⭐️

A

• Mechanical: breaks large food particles to small (chewing)
• Chemical: breaking of covalent bonds by digestive enzymes (chewing w/ saliva)

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3
Q

Major Digestive Organs(OcPESSiLiRA)⭐️

A

Oral Cavity(mouth), Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum, Anus

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4
Q

Accessory Digestive Organs(SgLGbP)⭐️

A

Salivary glands, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas
also: tongue, teeth, & secrete glands

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5
Q

Digestive Tract

A

Tube from mouth to anus, MD organs, also Gastrointestinal Tract or GI Tract

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6
Q

Subunits of Carbs, Proteins, Lipids

A

C- Monosaccharides
P- Amino Acids
L- Glycerol attached to fatty acids (Triglycerides)

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7
Q

Swallowing of food⭐️

A

Deglutition

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8
Q

Functions of Digestive System(7)⭐️

A

Ingestion: food into oral cavity/mouth
Mastication: process of chewing
Propulsion: food into GI Tract
Mixing: movement of food back & forth
Secretion: lubricate, liquefy, digest
Digestion, Absorption, & Elimination

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9
Q

Type of movement in large intestine

A

Mass movement of mixing waves in stomach

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10
Q

The Sequence of Secretion (lubricate, liquify, digest)

A

Mucus lubricates
Water liquifies
Enzymes digest

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11
Q

Digestive Tract food process between 1:oral cavity and 2:pharynx (Peristalsis)⭐️

A

Bolus of food

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12
Q

DT: Portions of 2:Pharynx (2)⭐️

A

3)Oropharynx
4)Laryngopharynx

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13
Q

DT: Sphincter between 5:Esophagus & 6:Stomach ⭐️

A

Cardiac Sphincter (involuntary control)

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14
Q

DT: Sphincter between 6:Stomach & (Small intestine) 7: Duodenum⭐️

A

Pyloric Sphincter (involuntary control)

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15
Q

DT: Portions of Small Intestine⭐️

A

7: Duodenum (proximal)
8: Jejunum (middle)
9: Ileum (distal)

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16
Q

DT: Food process between 7: Duodenum & 8: Jejunum ⭐️

A

Chyme

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17
Q

Portions of Large Intestine(10) ⭐️
(C,Ac,Tc,Dc,Hf,Sf,Sc,R,Ac,A)

A

10:Cecum 11: Ascending Colon
12: Transverse Colon 13: Descending Colon 14: Hepatic fixture 15: Splenic fixture 16: Sigmoid colon 17:Rectum
18: Anal canal 19: Anus

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18
Q

DT:Sphincter between (small intestine) 9:Ileum and 10: Cecum

A

Ileocecal sphincter (involuntary control)

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19
Q

DT: Food portion btw 13: Descending colon and 14: Sigmoid colon⭐️

A

Fecal matter

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20
Q

Duct T: Makes up the Biliary Tract near 7:Duodenum(3)⭐️

A

Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas

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21
Q

Where is colon cancer normally in⭐️

A

Large intestine

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22
Q

DT:Bend between Ascending colon & Transverse colon⭐️

A

14:Hepatic Fixure (Right colonic flexure)

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23
Q

DT: Bend between Transverse colon and descending colon⭐️

A

15:Splenic flexure (left colonic flexure)

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24
Q

ToF: The Biliary Tract is part of Digestive Tract⭐️

A

False

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25
Q

5 major sphincters⭐️

A

Cardiac, Pyloric, Ileocecal, Internal anal, External anal

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26
Q

Another word for Cardiac Sphincter⭐️

A

Lower Esophageal Sphincter

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27
Q

What makes the stomach so acidic?⭐️

A

HCl (hydrochloric acid)

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28
Q

PH of stomach(HCl)⭐️

A

2

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29
Q

DT: Deeper Sphincter between Rectum and Anus⭐️

A

Internal Anal Sphincter (involuntary control)

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30
Q

DT: Superficial Sphincter between Rectum and Anus⭐️

A

External Anal Sphincter (voluntary control)

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31
Q

Only Sphincter with voluntary control⭐️

A

External Anal Sphincter

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32
Q

DT: Food Process Order ⭐️

A

Bolus of food 👉🏽 Chyme 👉🏽 Fecal matter

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33
Q

Layers in Mucosa (3)

A

Epithelium (innermost)
Lamina Propria (middle)
Muscularis mucosae (outermost)

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34
Q

Found In Submucosa layer

A

Submucosa glands

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35
Q

Found in Muscularis Externa(3)⭐️

A

Inner Oblique muscle layer
Middle Circular muscle layer
Outer Longitudinal muscle layer

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36
Q

Found in Serosa(2)⭐️

A

Connective tissue layer
Simple squamous epithelium

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37
Q

Exception of having smooth muscle in Muscularis externa⭐️

A

Esophagus (1/3) not smooth(striated)

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38
Q

ToF: Esophagus contains both striated and smooth muscles ⭐️

A

True, top 1/3 is striated

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39
Q

Portions of Esophagus⭐️

A

1/3: striated
————————————————
2/3: transitioning zone (to smooth)
3/3: smooth muscle

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40
Q

Digestive Tract Histology from Deepest to Superficial layer

A

Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis externa, Serosa

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41
Q

4 Mesenteries in Peritoneum⭐️

A

Greater Omentum
Lesser Omentum
Mesentary proper
Mesocolon

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42
Q

In Chemical regulation, what increases HCl secretion?

A

Gastrin

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43
Q

Stimulate pancreas to release bicarbonates to neutralize acid(s)

A

Secretin

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44
Q

Location of Lesser Omentum

A

Inferior aspect of liver & extends to medial curvature of stomach

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45
Q

Location of Greater Omentum

A

In between lateral curvature of Stomach & Transverse colon

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46
Q

Location of Mesocolon

A

Found in between portions of Large intestine & posterior wall of Abdomen, around transverse colon

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47
Q

Location of Mesentery proper (ac)⭐️

A

Small intestine against posterior wall of abdominal/abdomen cavity

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48
Q

Portions of the Oral Cavity(Anterior, Posterior, Superior, Inferior,Lateral)⭐️

A

Ant- lips
Post- fauces (opening of pharynx)
Sup- hard & soft palate
INF- tongue
Lat- buccinator

49
Q

What cranial nerve for tongue movement?⭐️

A

Hypoglossal

50
Q

What anterior nerve deals with taste buds?

A

Facial nerve

51
Q

Posterior taste bud nerve is ⭐️

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

52
Q

Base of tongue nerve⭐️

A

Vegus nerve

53
Q

Two sets of teeth & number

A

-Primary,Childhood,Deciduous(20)
-Secondary,Permeant(32)

54
Q

Types and numbers in EACH
quadrant⭐️

A

• Incisors (2): Central and lateral
• Canines (1)
• Premolars (2): 1st and 2nd
• Molars (3): 1st, 2nd, and 3rd

55
Q

What tooth is considered wisdom tooth?⭐️

A

3rd Molar

56
Q

Tooth: Outermost layer of
anatomical crown. Non-living;
acellular. Protective.

A

Enamel

57
Q

Tooth: living, cellular, calcified tissue

A

Dentin

58
Q

Tooth: hold tooth in socket

A

Periodontal ligament

59
Q

What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands from largest to smallest⭐️

A

parotid, submandibular, and sublingual

60
Q

What is the hollow J-shape muscular organ?⭐️

A

Stomach

61
Q

What prevents food from entering the nasal cavity?

A

Soft palate

62
Q

When the cardiac sphincter opening is not tightly closed what happens?⭐️

A

Acid reflux(heartburn)

63
Q

Stomach: Esophagus opens into this part (beginning)

A

Cardia

64
Q

Stomach: To the left and above the cardia

A

Fundus

65
Q

Stomach: largest part with greater and lesser curvatures

A

Body

66
Q

Stomach: pyloric antrum (widest part) and pyloric canal – opens into the small intestine
through the pyloric orifice.

A

Pylorus

67
Q

Ridges in stomach⭐️

A

Rugae

68
Q

Name for Grooves in stomach⭐️

A

Gastric pits

69
Q

What is GERD⭐️

A

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Gastro-eso-phageal

70
Q

Esophagus: Produces Mucus

A

Mucous producing cells

71
Q

Stomach: Produce Mucus ⭐️

A

Mucus producing cells

72
Q

Stomach: Produce Pepsinogen(bc of HCl)⭐️

A

Chief Cells

73
Q

Stomach: Produces Hydrochloric acid(HCl) & Intrinsic Factor(IF)⭐️

A

Parietal cells

74
Q

Stomach: Produces histamine that binds to H2 receptors(increase HCl production)⭐️

A

ECL cells

Enterochromaffin-like(ECL)

75
Q

Stomach: Produces Gastrin(increase HCl production) ⭐️

A

G Cells

76
Q

Stomach: Produces Somatostatin (DECREASES HCl production)⭐️

A

Delta Cells (&)

77
Q

Stomach: Binds w/ vitamin B12(If)⭐️

A

Intrinsic Factor in Parietal cells

78
Q

ToF: Histamine will increase HCl production⭐️

A

True

79
Q

Function of HCl: Chief cells(3)⭐️

A

• Kills bacteria
• Denatures proteins
• Helps convert pepsinogen to pepsin

80
Q

Which stomach curvature is medial⭐️

A

Lesser curvature

81
Q

The presence of HCl acid turns on inactive pepsinogen to what⭐️

A

Active pepsin

82
Q

EC: Gastric/peptic/duodenal ulcers are all most commonly caused by a bacteria. What bacteria is it (underline when writing)⭐️

A

Helicobactor pylori (underline)
—————— ——-
Helico-bactor py-lori

83
Q

Which phase of stomach regulation is activated by the sight, smell, and anticipation of food⭐️

A

Cephalic Phase/ 1st phase

84
Q

Which phase of stomach regulation has a continued production of HCl acid so it can digest food⭐️

A

Gastric phase /2nd phase

85
Q

Which phase of stomach regulation begins emptying food into the duodenum and now decreases HCl production⭐️

A

Intestinal phase/ 3rd phase

86
Q

T/F If HCl production decreases, that means somatostatin levels are high⭐️

A

True

87
Q

What are the ridges and grooves called in the small intestine⭐️

A

plicae circulares

88
Q

Small Intestine: produce mucus⭐️

A

Goblet cells

89
Q

Small Intestine: immune cells⭐️

A

Paneth cells

90
Q

Small Intestine: Produce Secretin, decrease HCI production, and promote bicarbonate ion secretion⭐️

A

S Cells

91
Q

Which cells in the small intestine produce Cholecystokinin (CCK)⭐️

A

I Cells

92
Q

Absorbs majority of nutrients⭐️

A

Small intestine

93
Q

The __ produces bile, which gets sent to the __ to become concentrated and released into the __ by the biliary tract

A

Liver, gallbladder, duodenum

94
Q

This causes contractions in gallbladder⭐️

A

Cholecystokinin

95
Q

Liver: Lobes on the anterior view⭐️

A

Right lobe
Left lobe

96
Q

Liver: Separates the right lobe and left lobe⭐️

A

Falciform ligament

97
Q

Liver: Lobes in Inferior view (4)⭐️

A

Quad rate lobe
Right lobe
Caudate lobe
Left Lobe

98
Q

Liver: Produces Bile(H) ⭐️

A

Hepatocyte

99
Q

Liver: Where is Bile concentrated?⭐️

A

Gallbladder

100
Q

Liver: Hepatic phagocytes ⭐️

A

Kupffer Cells

101
Q

Liver: Makes up portal triad⭐️(3)

A

Hepatic duct
Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic artery

102
Q

Functions of Liver(5)⭐️

A

-Bile Production(bile salts emulsify liquid)
-Storage of nutrients
-Processing of nutrients
-Detoxification
-Synthesis of new molecules

103
Q

Nutrients the liver stores

A

Glycogen, fats, Vitamins A, B12, D, E, K

104
Q

Nutrient that the liver hydroxylates⭐️

A

Vitamin D

105
Q

Gallbladder stone located in the common bile duct⭐️

A

Choledocholithiasis

106
Q

What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?⭐️

A

Produce digestive enzymes

107
Q

Pancreas: Produce Glucagon / Endocrine function⭐️

A

Alpha cell

108
Q

Pancreas: Produce insulin⭐️

A

Beta Cell

109
Q

Pancreas: produce somatostatin⭐️

A

Delta cell

110
Q

Pancreas: converts Trysinogen to Trypsin ⭐️

A

Enterokinase

111
Q

Pancreas: converts Chymotrypsinogen to Chymotrysin & Procarboxypeptidase to Carboxypeptidase⭐️

A

Trypsin

112
Q

Purpose of Pancreatic amylase & Pancreatic lipase⭐️

A

PA- digest carbs
PL- digest fat/lipids

113
Q

In Pancreas, what duct merges w/ common bile duct⭐️

A

Main pancreatic duct

114
Q

BT: Common hepatic duct + cystic duct =

A

Common bile duct

115
Q

Large Intestine functions(3)⭐️

A

-Reabsorb water from fecal matter
-Form fecal matter
-Contain bacteria then produce vitamin K

116
Q

Components of micelle(2)

A

Bile salts & fatty acids

117
Q

Components of chylomicron⭐️

A

Protein coat & lipidd

118
Q

What is a protein coated lipid?⭐️

A

Lipoprotein

Anatomy 151 (12 decks)

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