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Anatomy 151 > Ch.22 Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Ch.22 Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

3 Functions of Lymphatic System⭐️

A

-Fluid Balance
-Lipid Absorption
-Defense

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2
Q

Nutrient of lymphatic system ⭐️

A

Lipids

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3
Q

Fluids entering lymphatic capillaries (fluid balance)⭐️

A

Lymphs

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4
Q

Swelling in tissues from blockage of lymphatic system⭐️

A

Peripheral edema

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5
Q

Lymph fluid(c)

A

Chyle

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6
Q

ToF: Lymphatic system provides immunity

A

True, Defense

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7
Q

Carries lymph fluids back into circulatory system

A

Lymphatic vessels

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8
Q

Cells of lymphatic cells⭐️

A

Lymphocyte

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9
Q

Collection of lymphocytes can form…

A

Lymphatic tissues

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10
Q

Lymphatic tissues can form…

A

Lymphatic organs

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11
Q

2 classes of lymphatic organs⭐️

A

Primary lymphatic organs
Secondary lymphatic organs

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12
Q

Filters lymph and are sites where lymphocytes respond to infections

A

Lymph nodes

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13
Q

Primary lymphatic systems consists of…⭐️

A

Bone marrow, Thymus gland

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14
Q

Secondary Lymphatic system consists of…⭐️

A

Tonsils, Lymph nodes, & Spleen & Appendix?

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15
Q

Location of lymphocytes?

A

Lymph nodes

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16
Q

Extra organ of Lymphatic system⭐️

A

Appendix

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17
Q

B Lymphocytes…⭐️

A

Originate from red bone marrow and mature in bone marrow

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18
Q

T Lymphocytes…⭐️

A

Originate from red bone marrow and mature in THYMUS gland

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19
Q

Named by locations of lymph nodes(neck, armpit, & groin)⭐️

A

In the neck- Cervical lymph nodes
In armpit- Axillary lymph nodes
In groin- Inguinal lymph nodes

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20
Q

Within thoracic region, in between lungs/mediastum, there is…

A

Thymus gland

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21
Q

In cervical region, there is…⭐️

A

Thyroid gland

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22
Q

What quadrant is the spleen?⭐️

A

Left upper quadrant

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23
Q

What quadrant is the appendix?⭐️

A

Right lower quadrant

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24
Q

All Lymphocytes originate from…

A

Red Bone marrow

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25
Q

ToF: Pre-T cells are gonna move to THYROID gland⭐️

A

False, Thymus

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26
Q

Lymphocytes born from bone marrow that go to mature in thymus gland are…⭐️

A

T Lymphocytes

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27
Q

Do arteries have valves?⭐️

A

No

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28
Q

Do some veins have valves?⭐️

A

Yes

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29
Q

Take a Breather

A

Okay

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30
Q

Structures with valves ⭐️

A

Heart, Veins, and lymphatic vessels

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31
Q

Carry lymphs away from tissues

A

Lymphatic vessles

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32
Q

Thoracic duct is the…⭐️

A

Left lymphatic duct & drains remainder of body

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33
Q

Thoracic duct drains into (2)⭐️

A

Left jugular vein & left subclavian vein

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34
Q

How many brachiosevalic veins are there?

A

2

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35
Q

Right lymphatic duct drains into

A

Right subclavian vein & between right internal jugular vein

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36
Q

Other name for thoracic duct

A

Left lymphatic duct

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37
Q

Trunk that drains from head and neck

A

Jugular trunk

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38
Q

Trunk that drains upper limbs,
superficial thoracic wall, and mammary glands

A

Subclavian trunk

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39
Q

Trunk that drains from
deep thoracic organs and deep thoracic wall(from thorax)

A

Bronchomediastinal trunk

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40
Q

What vessel drains LEFT half of head, chest, and left upper extremity?

A

Thoracic duct

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41
Q

What vessel drains RIGHT side of head, neck, right upper extremity, right upper chest

A

Right lymphatic duct

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42
Q

What duct drains 1/3 body and pelvis?⭐️

A

Thoracic duct

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43
Q

Primary lymphatic organs form⭐️

A

T & B cells

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44
Q

2 antigens ⭐️

A

Self-antigens
Non-self antigens/ Foreign antigens

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45
Q

Another name for non self antigens?

A

Foreign antigens

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46
Q

5 types of antibodies/immunoglobulins formed by plasma cells⭐️

A

Ig G
Ig A
Ig M
Ig E
Ig D

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47
Q

Selection wanted to fight infection⭐️

A

Positive selection

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48
Q

Three classes of Lymphocytes

A

T Cells
B Cells
NK Cells (Natural Killer cells)

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49
Q

Process of programmed cell death⭐️

A

Apoptosis

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50
Q

Cells that mature in Bone Marrow

A

B Cells & NK Cells

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51
Q

Plasma cell(by definition) is a…

A

Activated B Cell

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52
Q

In Red Bone Marrow, once B cells mature…

A

It becomes plasma cell

53
Q

Another word for Throat

A

Pharynx

54
Q

Example of denser lymphatic tissues⭐️

A

Peyer patches

55
Q

3 types of Tonsils & area(PPL)⭐️

A

-Pharyngeal tonsils (upper)
-Palatine tonsils (middle on sides)
-Lingual tonsils (root of tongue)

56
Q

Best to numb tonsils after surgery

A

Ice cream

57
Q

Cortex is found in…⭐️

A

Outer region

58
Q

ToF: A lymph node is likely to be found in medulla⭐️

A

False, in cortex

59
Q

What is a reservoir for blood?⭐️

A

Spleen

60
Q

Functions of Spleen(3)⭐️

A

-Destroys defective RBC(120 days)
-Detects and responds to foreign substance
Limited reservoir for blood

61
Q

Difference between Self Antigens and Non Self/Foreign Antigens?⭐️

A

Self Antigens- produced by body
Foreign antigens- not produced by body

62
Q

What is an autoimmune disease?⭐️

A

Immune systems targeting SELF-Antigens, which decrease activities

63
Q

Examples of autoimmune disease⭐️

A

Psoriasis & Lupus

64
Q

2 categories of Immunity⭐️

A

Innate/nonspecific resistance: Body defenses given from birth

Adaptive/specific immunity: Acquired throughout life

65
Q

If syringe is loaded with non-surface antigens and put into body, & put immune-response vs. brand new condition/disease

A

Innate vs. Adaptive

66
Q

How can you get adaptive immunity?⭐️

A

Vaccines or natural exposure

67
Q

Adaptive: Ability to recognize a particular substance (non-self antigen).

A

Specificity

68
Q

Adaptive: Ability to remember previous encounters with a particular substance and respond rapidly

A

Memory

69
Q

What immunoglobulin is found in secretion?⭐️

A

Ig A

70
Q

3 chemical mediators that promote inflammation⭐️

A

Complement, Prostaglandins, and leukotrienes

71
Q

Physical barriers in immunity

A

Skin, mucus, tears, saliva, urine, cilia, coughing & sneezing

72
Q

What can releasing histamine do?⭐️

A

Cause eyes to water and nose to run so debris can be flushed

73
Q

Why poke holes in bacterial cell membrane?

A

So bacteria can swell and then rupture

74
Q

CM: Promotes fever to fight infection

A

Pyrogens

75
Q

In complement system, what immunoglobulins trigger classical pathway?⭐️

A

Ig G & Ig M

76
Q

2 pathways of Complement System

A

Classical pathway- part of innate immunity
Alternative pathway- part of adaptive immunity

77
Q

Protein used in Complement System to push holes ⭐️ (MAC)

A

Membrane Attack Complex

78
Q

Rupture of bacteria cell⭐️

A

Lysis

79
Q

C-3b is used to…⭐️

A

Enhance phagocytosis

80
Q

The two proteins Complement system are…

A

MAC & C3b

81
Q

What is a form of opsonization?

A

C3b

82
Q

First WBC to show up in old/new infection⭐️

A

Neutrophils, because their most abundant

83
Q

Example of macrophage in liver?⭐️

A

Kupffer cells

84
Q

Example of macrophage in lung tissue?⭐️

A

Dust cells

85
Q

Process in which products are released from cytoplasmic granuoles ⭐️

A

Degranulation

86
Q

What leukocyte punches holes when encountering Non-Self antigen?⭐️

A

Natural Killer cells

87
Q

Symptoms of local inflammation

A

Swelling, pain, heat, redness, & loss of function

88
Q

Latin for redness, heat, swelling, & pain

A

Redness(rubor)
Heat(calor)
Swelling(tumor)
Pain(dolor)

89
Q

What immunity if given non-self ANTIGEN?⭐️

A

Active immunity

90
Q

What immunity if given ANTIBODIES⭐️

A

Passive immunity

91
Q

What immunity is from Antigens introduced through Environment?⭐️ (natural causes)

A

Natural active immunity

92
Q

What immunity is from Antigens introduced by Vaccine?⭐️

A

Artificial Active immunity

93
Q

What immunity is using Antibodies from mother using breast milk in placenta to child?⭐️

A

Natural passive immunity

94
Q

Good example of artificial active acquired immunity?⭐️

A

Flu Shot (antigen)

95
Q

Example of Artificial passive acquired immunity?

A

Rabies shot (antibodies)

96
Q

Only antibody/immunoglobulin that can cross the placenta⭐️

A

Ig G

97
Q

ToF: If mom decides not to breastfeed us, she’s not providing immunity immediately after birth

A

False, ig G continues for 6 months

98
Q

What is the antigen receptor MHC?

A

Major Histocompatibility Complex molecules

99
Q

What do MHC Class 1 molecules do?⭐️

A

Track Cd8 T-lymphocytes

100
Q

What do MHC Class 2 molecules do?⭐️

A

Track Cd4 T-lymphocytes

101
Q

Another name for Cd8 cells?

A

Cytotoxic T cell

102
Q

Another name for Cd4 cells?

A

Helper T cells

103
Q

What do the Cd8(cytotoxic T) cells produce?⭐️

A

Daughter T Cells

104
Q

What do the Cd4(helper T) cells produce from B Cell?⭐️

A

Daughter B cell

105
Q

An activated B-Cell activated is a …. Cell⭐️

A

Plasma Cell

106
Q

Purpose of plasma cells⭐️

A

Produce antibodies

107
Q

Antibody structure contains

A

2 heavy chains w/Sulfides & 2 light chains

108
Q

First antibody to show up in brand new infection⭐️

A

Ig M

109
Q

First antibody in recurring infection⭐️

A

Ig G

110
Q

Antibody for degranulation ⭐️

A

Ig E

111
Q

Antibody found on surface of B-lymphocyte⭐️

A

Ig D

112
Q

Antibody found when there’s allergies⭐️

A

Ig E

113
Q

One structure antibody

A

Ig G Monomer

114
Q

Ig M has 5 structures, making it a ⭐️

A

Pentamer

115
Q

Ig A antibody is a

A

Dimer

116
Q

Ig A has 2 monomers, making it a..⭐️

A

Dimer

117
Q

Ig E and Ig D structures are ⭐️

A

Monomer

118
Q

In primary response, which antibody joins first?(brand new infection)⭐️

A

Ig M, then Ig G

119
Q

What infection is a secondary response, based on more Ig G?⭐️

A

Recurring infection

120
Q

How many chains in antibody structure?

A

4 (2 heavy chains + 2 light chains)

121
Q

ToF: MHC class II molecules are used to attract cytotoxic T cells?

A

False, Helper T

122
Q

Reactivated chicken pox are called⭐️

A

Shingles

123
Q

System used to absorb fat from diet⭐️

A

Lymphatic system

124
Q

This mechanism is used by Natural Killer cells⭐️

A

Perforins

125
Q

Immunoglobulin used to trigger the “classical pathway” of the Complement system⭐️

A

Ig M

126
Q

This condition is directly associated with a missing Thymus gland

A

DiGeorge Syndrome

127
Q

ToF: Non-self antigens bind to the Fab region of an immunoglobulin⭐️

A

True

128
Q

This Pharynx is part of the upper respiratory tract⭐️

A

Nasopharynx

Anatomy 151 (12 decks)

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