Ch.22 Lymphatic System Flashcards
3 Functions of Lymphatic System⭐️
-Fluid Balance
-Lipid Absorption
-Defense
Nutrient of lymphatic system ⭐️
Lipids
Fluids entering lymphatic capillaries (fluid balance)⭐️
Lymphs
Swelling in tissues from blockage of lymphatic system⭐️
Peripheral edema
Lymph fluid(c)
Chyle
ToF: Lymphatic system provides immunity
True, Defense
Carries lymph fluids back into circulatory system
Lymphatic vessels
Cells of lymphatic cells⭐️
Lymphocyte
Collection of lymphocytes can form…
Lymphatic tissues
Lymphatic tissues can form…
Lymphatic organs
2 classes of lymphatic organs⭐️
Primary lymphatic organs
Secondary lymphatic organs
Filters lymph and are sites where lymphocytes respond to infections
Lymph nodes
Primary lymphatic systems consists of…⭐️
Bone marrow, Thymus gland
Secondary Lymphatic system consists of…⭐️
Tonsils, Lymph nodes, & Spleen & Appendix?
Location of lymphocytes?
Lymph nodes
Extra organ of Lymphatic system⭐️
Appendix
B Lymphocytes…⭐️
Originate from red bone marrow and mature in bone marrow
T Lymphocytes…⭐️
Originate from red bone marrow and mature in THYMUS gland
Named by locations of lymph nodes(neck, armpit, & groin)⭐️
In the neck- Cervical lymph nodes
In armpit- Axillary lymph nodes
In groin- Inguinal lymph nodes
Within thoracic region, in between lungs/mediastum, there is…
Thymus gland
In cervical region, there is…⭐️
Thyroid gland
What quadrant is the spleen?⭐️
Left upper quadrant
What quadrant is the appendix?⭐️
Right lower quadrant
All Lymphocytes originate from…
Red Bone marrow
ToF: Pre-T cells are gonna move to THYROID gland⭐️
False, Thymus
Lymphocytes born from bone marrow that go to mature in thymus gland are…⭐️
T Lymphocytes
Do arteries have valves?⭐️
No
Do some veins have valves?⭐️
Yes
Take a Breather
Okay
Structures with valves ⭐️
Heart, Veins, and lymphatic vessels
Carry lymphs away from tissues
Lymphatic vessles
Thoracic duct is the…⭐️
Left lymphatic duct & drains remainder of body
Thoracic duct drains into (2)⭐️
Left jugular vein & left subclavian vein
How many brachiosevalic veins are there?
2
Right lymphatic duct drains into
Right subclavian vein & between right internal jugular vein
Other name for thoracic duct
Left lymphatic duct
Trunk that drains from head and neck
Jugular trunk
Trunk that drains upper limbs,
superficial thoracic wall, and mammary glands
Subclavian trunk
Trunk that drains from
deep thoracic organs and deep thoracic wall(from thorax)
Bronchomediastinal trunk
What vessel drains LEFT half of head, chest, and left upper extremity?
Thoracic duct
What vessel drains RIGHT side of head, neck, right upper extremity, right upper chest
Right lymphatic duct
What duct drains 1/3 body and pelvis?⭐️
Thoracic duct
Primary lymphatic organs form⭐️
T & B cells
2 antigens ⭐️
Self-antigens
Non-self antigens/ Foreign antigens
Another name for non self antigens?
Foreign antigens
5 types of antibodies/immunoglobulins formed by plasma cells⭐️
Ig G
Ig A
Ig M
Ig E
Ig D
Selection wanted to fight infection⭐️
Positive selection
Three classes of Lymphocytes
T Cells
B Cells
NK Cells (Natural Killer cells)
Process of programmed cell death⭐️
Apoptosis
Cells that mature in Bone Marrow
B Cells & NK Cells
Plasma cell(by definition) is a…
Activated B Cell
In Red Bone Marrow, once B cells mature…
It becomes plasma cell
Another word for Throat
Pharynx
Example of denser lymphatic tissues⭐️
Peyer patches
3 types of Tonsils & area(PPL)⭐️
-Pharyngeal tonsils (upper)
-Palatine tonsils (middle on sides)
-Lingual tonsils (root of tongue)
Best to numb tonsils after surgery
Ice cream
Cortex is found in…⭐️
Outer region
ToF: A lymph node is likely to be found in medulla⭐️
False, in cortex
What is a reservoir for blood?⭐️
Spleen
Functions of Spleen(3)⭐️
-Destroys defective RBC(120 days)
-Detects and responds to foreign substance
Limited reservoir for blood
Difference between Self Antigens and Non Self/Foreign Antigens?⭐️
Self Antigens- produced by body
Foreign antigens- not produced by body
What is an autoimmune disease?⭐️
Immune systems targeting SELF-Antigens, which decrease activities
Examples of autoimmune disease⭐️
Psoriasis & Lupus
2 categories of Immunity⭐️
Innate/nonspecific resistance: Body defenses given from birth
Adaptive/specific immunity: Acquired throughout life
If syringe is loaded with non-surface antigens and put into body, & put immune-response vs. brand new condition/disease
Innate vs. Adaptive
How can you get adaptive immunity?⭐️
Vaccines or natural exposure
Adaptive: Ability to recognize a particular substance (non-self antigen).
Specificity
Adaptive: Ability to remember previous encounters with a particular substance and respond rapidly
Memory
What immunoglobulin is found in secretion?⭐️
Ig A
3 chemical mediators that promote inflammation⭐️
Complement, Prostaglandins, and leukotrienes
Physical barriers in immunity
Skin, mucus, tears, saliva, urine, cilia, coughing & sneezing
What can releasing histamine do?⭐️
Cause eyes to water and nose to run so debris can be flushed
Why poke holes in bacterial cell membrane?
So bacteria can swell and then rupture
CM: Promotes fever to fight infection
Pyrogens
In complement system, what immunoglobulins trigger classical pathway?⭐️
Ig G & Ig M
2 pathways of Complement System
Classical pathway- part of innate immunity
Alternative pathway- part of adaptive immunity
Protein used in Complement System to push holes ⭐️ (MAC)
Membrane Attack Complex
Rupture of bacteria cell⭐️
Lysis
C-3b is used to…⭐️
Enhance phagocytosis
The two proteins Complement system are…
MAC & C3b
What is a form of opsonization?
C3b
First WBC to show up in old/new infection⭐️
Neutrophils, because their most abundant
Example of macrophage in liver?⭐️
Kupffer cells
Example of macrophage in lung tissue?⭐️
Dust cells
Process in which products are released from cytoplasmic granuoles ⭐️
Degranulation
What leukocyte punches holes when encountering Non-Self antigen?⭐️
Natural Killer cells
Symptoms of local inflammation
Swelling, pain, heat, redness, & loss of function
Latin for redness, heat, swelling, & pain
Redness(rubor)
Heat(calor)
Swelling(tumor)
Pain(dolor)
What immunity if given non-self ANTIGEN?⭐️
Active immunity
What immunity if given ANTIBODIES⭐️
Passive immunity
What immunity is from Antigens introduced through Environment?⭐️ (natural causes)
Natural active immunity
What immunity is from Antigens introduced by Vaccine?⭐️
Artificial Active immunity
What immunity is using Antibodies from mother using breast milk in placenta to child?⭐️
Natural passive immunity
Good example of artificial active acquired immunity?⭐️
Flu Shot (antigen)
Example of Artificial passive acquired immunity?
Rabies shot (antibodies)
Only antibody/immunoglobulin that can cross the placenta⭐️
Ig G
ToF: If mom decides not to breastfeed us, she’s not providing immunity immediately after birth
False, ig G continues for 6 months
What is the antigen receptor MHC?
Major Histocompatibility Complex molecules
What do MHC Class 1 molecules do?⭐️
Track Cd8 T-lymphocytes
What do MHC Class 2 molecules do?⭐️
Track Cd4 T-lymphocytes
Another name for Cd8 cells?
Cytotoxic T cell
Another name for Cd4 cells?
Helper T cells
What do the Cd8(cytotoxic T) cells produce?⭐️
Daughter T Cells
What do the Cd4(helper T) cells produce from B Cell?⭐️
Daughter B cell
An activated B-Cell activated is a …. Cell⭐️
Plasma Cell
Purpose of plasma cells⭐️
Produce antibodies
Antibody structure contains
2 heavy chains w/Sulfides & 2 light chains
First antibody to show up in brand new infection⭐️
Ig M
First antibody in recurring infection⭐️
Ig G
Antibody for degranulation ⭐️
Ig E
Antibody found on surface of B-lymphocyte⭐️
Ig D
Antibody found when there’s allergies⭐️
Ig E
One structure antibody
Ig G Monomer
Ig M has 5 structures, making it a ⭐️
Pentamer
Ig A antibody is a
Dimer
Ig A has 2 monomers, making it a..⭐️
Dimer
Ig E and Ig D structures are ⭐️
Monomer
In primary response, which antibody joins first?(brand new infection)⭐️
Ig M, then Ig G
What infection is a secondary response, based on more Ig G?⭐️
Recurring infection
How many chains in antibody structure?
4 (2 heavy chains + 2 light chains)
ToF: MHC class II molecules are used to attract cytotoxic T cells?
False, Helper T
Reactivated chicken pox are called⭐️
Shingles
System used to absorb fat from diet⭐️
Lymphatic system
This mechanism is used by Natural Killer cells⭐️
Perforins
Immunoglobulin used to trigger the “classical pathway” of the Complement system⭐️
Ig M
This condition is directly associated with a missing Thymus gland
DiGeorge Syndrome
ToF: Non-self antigens bind to the Fab region of an immunoglobulin⭐️
True
This Pharynx is part of the upper respiratory tract⭐️
Nasopharynx
