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Anatomy 151 > Ch.23 Respiratory System > Flashcards

Ch.23 Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Structures of Respiratory System(4-6)⭐️

A

Nasal Cavity
Pharynx & Larynx

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2
Q

What is the glottis?⭐️

A

Opening between the vocal chords

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3
Q

Upper Respiratory tract(4)⭐️

A

-External nose: Air inspiration
-Nasal Cavity: clean & humidify air
-Phaynx: Passageway for food & air
-Larynx: Voice box, airway patent

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4
Q

Lower Respiratory Tract(4)⭐️

A

-Larynx: Voice box, airway patent
-Trachea: air cleaning tube
-Bronchi: tubes direct air to lungs
-Lungs: network of alveoli and capillaries for gas exchange

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5
Q

Another word for Pharynx⭐️

A

Throat

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6
Q

Another word for Larynx⭐️

A

Voice box

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7
Q

Another word for Trachea⭐️

A

Wind pipe

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8
Q

EC: All 4 blood vessels in pulmonary hilum/root of lung ⭐️

A

2 pulmonary veins
1 pulmonary artery
1° primary/main bronchus

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9
Q

ToF: If a patient is admitted with pneumonia(infection of lung), it is considered a UPPER respiratory function⭐️

A

False, lungs are lower

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10
Q

ToF: Inflammation from infection in THROAT, what kind of infection?⭐️

A

Upper respiratory tract infection

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11
Q

When inhaling air, what element does air contain majority of? ⭐️
(Not oxygen)

A

Nitrogen (81%)
Oxygen (19%)

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12
Q

The 2 bronchioles and their zone⭐️

A

Terminal bronchiole(conducting zone)

Respiratory bronchiole (Respiratory / gas exchange zone)

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13
Q

Structures in conducting zone(7)⭐️

A

Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, & terminal bronchiole

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14
Q

Structures in gas exchange zone(2)

A

Alveoli & respiratory bronchiole

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15
Q

Another word for breathing air into lungs and out⭐️

A

Pulmonary ventilation

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16
Q

If patient cannot breathe for themself and go into coma, what machine do they need to breathe?⭐️

A

Ventilator

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17
Q

Another word for gas exchange⭐️

A

Respiration

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18
Q

If ventilation occurs in between lungs and pulmonary capillaries, what respiration is it?

A

External respiration (gas exchange)

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19
Q

If ventilation occurs in between tissue capillaries and working tissues, what respiration is it?

A

Internal respiration

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20
Q

What drives the direction of carbon dioxide & oxygen gases?

A

Difference in partial pressures

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21
Q

How do we move oxygenated blood back into heart?⭐️

A

Pulmonary veins

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22
Q

Functions of Respiratory System(5)

A

-Regulation of blood pH (acidity (7))
-Production of chemical mediators
-Voice Production
-Olfaction
-Protection

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23
Q

ToF: In internal respiration (focus on tissue), Co2 is moving into the tissue⭐️

A

False, tissue capillary

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24
Q

ToF: In external respiration (lungs), O2 is moving into alveoli⭐️

A

False, into capillary

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25
Q

3 lines of defense from Respiratory System⭐️

A

1)Nose hairs
2) Cilia pseudo Stratified w/ goblet cells / Respiratory Epithelium
3)Alveolar macrophages / dust cells

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26
Q

In blood pH acidity, what does 7.35 fall under?

A

Acidosis

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27
Q

In blood pH acidity, what does 7.45 fall under?

A

Alkalosis

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28
Q

This forms the roof of the nasal cavity⭐️

A

Cribiform plate

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29
Q

This portion of the throat is located posterior to the voice box⭐️

A

Laryngopharyx

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30
Q

This is an “O-shaped” cartilage⭐️

A

Cricoid cartilage

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31
Q

This is made up of “C-shaped” cartilages⭐️

A

Trachea

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32
Q

This is NOT a paired cartilage(T)⭐️

A

Thyroid cartilage

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33
Q

This is found at the vertebral levels of
T4 and T5⭐️

34
Q

This is NOT found in the right lung⭐️

A

Cardiac notch

35
Q

These produce a substance known as Surfactant⭐️

A

Type II
Pneumocytes

36
Q

This volume is associated with forceful inhalation⭐️

A

Inspiratory reserve volume
(IRV)

37
Q

This volume cannot be exhaled⭐️

A

Residual volume (RV)

38
Q

This volume is associated with forceful exhalation⭐️

A

Expiratory reserve volume
(ERV)

39
Q

Tidal volume (TV) and Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) yields this lung capacity⭐️

A

Inspiratory capacity (IC)

40
Q

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and Residual volume (RV) yields this lung capacity⭐️

A

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

41
Q

ToF: According to Boyle’s Law, as volume increases the pressure of that gas increases as well.

A

False, their proportional

42
Q

Where do non-self antigens bind to antibodies⭐️

A

Fab region

43
Q

In external respiration, __ moves from alveoli into capillaries while __ moves from capillaries into alveoli

44
Q

In internal respiration, ___ moves from tissues into capillaries while __ moves from capillaries into tissues

45
Q

What begins the RAAS system?⭐️

A

decreased blood pressure and blood volume in the kidneys

46
Q

When dealing with hypertension, the RAAS system will not help, but what will

A

ACE Inhibitors

47
Q

What converts Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I?

48
Q

What converts Angiotensin I into Angiotensin II

A

angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

49
Q

What is the outcome of the RAAS system?⭐️

A

increased blood pressure and blood volume

50
Q

With acute blood pressure, which autonomic nervous system branch increases BP (the other decreases it)⭐️

A

Sympathetic

51
Q

This forms the floor of the nasal cavity⭐️

A

Hard palate

52
Q

These form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

A

The nasal conchaes

53
Q

This is a V-shaped cartilage⭐️

A

Thyroid Cartilage

54
Q

This cartilage is shaped like a spoon⭐️

A

Epiglottis

55
Q

What are the 3 paired cartilages(ACC)⭐️

A

arytenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform

56
Q

This paired cartilage is horn shaped⭐️

A

Corniculate cartilage

57
Q

These 2 “marks” are NOT found in the right lung⭐️

A

Cardiac notch & Cardiac impression

58
Q

Adding TV and IRV yields which lung capacity⭐️

A

inspiratory capacity (IC)

59
Q

Adding ERV and RV yields which lung capacity⭐️

A

functional residual capacity (FRC)

60
Q

Adding IRV, ERV, and TV yields which lung capacity⭐️

A

vital capacity (VC)

61
Q

Adding IRV, TV, ERV, and RV yields which lung capacity⭐️

A

total lung capacity (TLC)

62
Q

This forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity

A

Nasal septum

63
Q

This region of the pharynx starts from the choanae (opening at the back of the nasal cavity) down to the tip of the uvula⭐️

A

Nasopharynx

64
Q

This region of the pharynx goes from the tip of the uvula to the epiglottis⭐️

A

Oropharynx

65
Q

These are the false vocal cords

A

Vestibular folds

66
Q

These are the true vocal cords (located on either side of the glottis opening)

A

Vocal folds

67
Q

What structure forms the Adam’s apple⭐️

A

Superior thyroid notch

68
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis⭐️

A

it protects the airway and keeps food out of the respiratory system

69
Q

With secondary (lobar) bronchi, there are __ lobes in the right lung, and __ in the left lung⭐️

70
Q

Bronchodilation has smooth muscles __ so airflow __⭐️

A

Relaxed, increases

71
Q

Bronchoconstriction has smooth muscles __ so airflow __⭐️

A

Contracted, decreases

72
Q

Which alveolar cells provide structural support⭐️

A

type I pneumocytes

73
Q

Gas exchange occurs because of what⭐️

A

Simple diffusion

74
Q

The right and left lungs both have an oblique fissure, but what extra fissure does the right lung have?⭐️⭐️

A

Horizontal fissure

75
Q

What is the root of the lungs called?⭐️

A

Pulmonary hilum

76
Q

What are the muscles of inspiration (SSPmEiD)⭐️

A

sternocleidomastoid,
scalenes,
pectoralis minor,
external intercostals,
diaphragm

77
Q

What are the muscles of expiration (II,Tt,Am)⭐️

A

internal intercostals,
transverse thoracic,
abdominal muscles

78
Q

During inspiration, the diaphragm __, atmospheric pressure is __ than alveolar pressure, and air moves __ resulting in an __ process⭐️

A

contracts, greater, into the lungs, active

79
Q

During expiration, the diaphragm __, atmospheric pressure is __ than alveolar pressure, and air moves __ resulting in a __⭐️

A

Relaxes,less, out of lungs, passive

80
Q

ToF: Apex of lung comes in contact w/ diaphragm ⭐️

81
Q

Dome-shaped muscle⭐️

Anatomy 151 (12 decks)

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