Why does removal of plaque reduce the chance of forming cavities?
Plaque is a biofilm; it contains cariogenic bacteria, the metabolic byproducts of which facilitate tooth decay.
What are the symptoms of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
- Bleeding painful gums, often ulcerated
- necrotic lesions
- bad breath
Oral cavity
organ in the digestive system
obtains and processes food
Salivary glands
organ in the digestive system
secrete saliva
Esophagus
organ in the digestive system
transports food to stomach
Stomach
organ in the digestive system
- stores food
- mechanical digestion
- breaks down some proteins
Pancreas
organ in the digestive system
secretes digestive enzymes
Liver
organ in the digestive system
produces bile to assist in fat digestion
gallbladder
organ in the digestive system
stores bile until needed
small intestine
organ in the digestive system
site of most digestion and absorption of nutrients
large intestine
organ in the digestive system
- absorbs some water and minerals
- prepares waste
Which disease discussed in lecture characteristically infects the parotid glands?
mumps
Which animals are oftentimes associated with Salmonella strains?
- eggs and poultry
How does Cholera infect and cause disease?
- transmitted through contaminated water
- Adhere to epithelial cells of small intestine, establish infection, produce cholera toxin, an A-B toxin
- causes extreme diarrhea, vomiting and severe muscle cramps result from loss of fluids and electrolytes
Of All the Hepatitis infections discussed in lecture, which is the most common chronic blood-borne infection in the United States?
Hepatitis C
How does HBV spread?
- Transmitted in body fluids
- via bloodstream and cause liver damage
Which of the hepatitis viruses discussed in lecture are responsible for liver cancer and cirrhosis of the liver?
Hepatitis C
How are most protozoan infections typically spread? (how do they get to inside the human host?)
- All transmitted via fecal-oral route
How can a host contract giardiasis?
- another person
- clear mountain streams
- chlorinated city water
How does Entamoeba histolytica spread? How does it cause disease? What disease does it cause? What kinds of enzymes does it produce?
- Entamoeba histolytica spreads due to poor sanitation
- forms cysts
- cysts survive passage through the stomach.
- Entamoeba histolytica causes Amebiasis
- produces cytotoxic enzyme
Which protozoans discussed in lecture, are resistant to chlorine?
Cryptosporidiosis (“Crypto”)
