What subatomic particle has a negative charge, positive charge, neutral charge?
- electron: negative charge
- proton: positive charge
- neutron: neutral charge
What is the location of the proton, neutron, electron?
- Protons and neutrons make up central part of atom, or nucleus
- Electrons form electron “cloud”
What does the atomic number of an element tell us?
Atomic number is number of protons in nucleus
Which types of bonds share electrons between 2 or more atoms?
covalent bonds
- Non-polar covalent bond: equal sharing of electrons
- Polar covalent bond: unequal sharing of electrons
What is an ion? How is an ion created? Which type of bond involves creating ions?
- Ion: atom that has gained or lost electron(s)
– Anions gain electron(s) and are negatively charged
– Cations lose electron(s) and are positively charged - Ionic bonds form because of attraction between negative and positive charges
What is the definition of pH?
pH is a measure of acidity (H+ concentration)
- increase H+ concentration = acidic
- increase OH^- concentration = base
What are the monomers of proteins?
amino acids
Which organisms use D-amino acids?
Bacteria
What is the most important feature of a protein?
- Folded into complex three-dimensional
- Proper folding is crucial to a protein’s function
What is the Primary structure in protein building (what’s the 1st step)
sequence and number of amino acids
Which type of bond holds protein together AND holds the two strands of DNA together?
Hydrogen bonds
How is an ATP molecule built? (what are the components)
- 3 phosphate groups
- adenosine = ribose + adenine
Which monosaccharides are found in nucleic acids?
- ribose (in RNA)
- deoxyribose (in DNA)
What do dehydration reactions do?
- Removes water and joins monomers to build polymers by forming covalent bonds
What are the major properties of ALL lipids?
- Lipids are non-polar, hydrophobic molecules
- slight solubility in water
- Important in structure of membranes
- Not all lipids are composed of similar subunits
What are the 2 components of a phospholipid?
- hydrophilic phosphate group –> face ouward toward aqueous environment
- hydrophobic fatty acid tails
- Form lipid bilayer
- Essential component of cytoplasmic membranes
