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Microbiology > Ch.1 Humans and the Microbial World > Flashcards

Ch.1 Humans and the Microbial World Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who was the scientist that was credited with viewing the 1st microorganisms?

A

Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek
- he called them animalcules

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2
Q

Spontaneous Generation

A

Belief that life arises spontaneously from non-living material
- early theory about life

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3
Q

Why is spontaneous generation not true?

A
  • Louis Paster proved that air is filled with microorganisms which settled in bends of flask
  • ended arguements that air or broths contained “vital force” necessary for spontaneous generation
  • demonstrated that life cannot arise from non-living matter
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4
Q

Theory of biogenesis

A

describes the production of living things from other living things
- displayed in Pasteur’s results

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5
Q

normal microbiota

A

a populationof microrganisms carried in the human body
- prevents disease by competeing with diesase causing microbes and pathogens
- aids in digestion
- promote development of immune system

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6
Q

Food production using microrganisms

A
  1. baking bread using yeast
  2. fermintation of grains to produce beer
  3. fermentation of milk to produce yogurt, cheeses and buttermilk
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7
Q

Bioremediation

A

use of microrganisms to hasten decay of pollutants

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8
Q

prokaryotic cells

A
  • do not have a membrane bound nucleus
  • DNA in nucleoid region
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9
Q

eukaryotic cells

A
  • have a membrane bound nucleus and organelles
  • DNA protected by 2 membranes
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10
Q

Which domains are prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A
  1. Bacteria = prokaryotes (no nucleus)
  2. Archaea = prokaryotes (no nucleus)
  3. Eukarya = eukaryotes (have nucleus)
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11
Q

Which domains have petidoglycan in their cell walls?

A
  1. Bacteria = has peptidoglycan in their cell wall
  2. Archaea = has no peptidoglycan in their cell walls
  3. Eukarya = has no peptidoglycan in their cell walls
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12
Q

Bionomial system on Nomenclature

A

Scientific names made up of two words
1. Genus = capitalized, italized and underlined
2. Species = not capitalized italized and underlined (may be abbreviated)

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13
Q

Viroid

A
  • are considered non-living
  • consist only of a single short piece of RNA
  • obligate intracellular agents
  • no protein coat
  • cause a # of plant diseases
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14
Q

Prions

A
  • are considered non-living
  • misfolded versions of normal proteins that cause normal versions to misfold
  • abnormal proteins form fibrils
  • cells die leaving spaces in brain (spongiform encephalopathy)
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15
Q

Can viruses be active OUTSIDE of a host cell?

A

No, viruses are inactive outside host
- Viruses can only be active inside host

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16
Q

How can viruses be grown?

A
  • infect living cells, reffered to as hosts
    1. may kill host cell
    2. may remain within host cell and replicate viral genetic info as host cell multiples
17
Q

Do viruses have a nucleus?

A

no because they are considered non-living
- has DNA surrounded by protein coat
- nucleic acid pakckaged in protein coat

18
Q

What does it mean to be an obligate Intracellular Parasite?

A

multiply using host cell machinery and nutrients

19
Q

Which agents are considered obligate intracellular parasites?

A
  • viruses and viroids
20
Q

Shapes of Bacteria

A
  1. Coccus (plural: cocci)
  2. Bacillus (plural bacilli)
  3. Vibrio (plural: vibrios)
  4. Spirillum (plural: spirilla)
  5. Spirochete (plural: spirochetes)
  6. Pleomorphic
21
Q

Coccus (plural: cocci)

Shape of Bacteria

A

Spherical cells, may be flattened
on one end or slightly oval

22
Q

Bacillus (plural bacilli)

Shape of Bacteria

A

A rod shaped, cylindrical cell

23
Q

Vibrio (plural: vibrios)

Shape of Bacteria

A

A short, curved rod
- boomerang shape

24
Q

Spirillum (plural: spirilla)

Shape of Bacteria

A

A curved rod long enough to form spirals
- Ex: shape like a piece of hair

25
Q

Spirochete (plural: spirochetes)

Shape of Bacteria

A

A long, spiral-shaped cell with a flexible cell wall and a unique mechanism of motility
- moves like a cork screw

26
Q

Pleomorphic

Shape of Bacteria

A

Refers to bacteria that characteristically vary in their shape

Microbiology (18 decks)

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